{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the cerebellar cortex, a CDC42 effector protein expressed exclusively in Bergmann glia (CDC42EP4) serves a critical role in anchoring septin hetero‐oligomers to perisynaptic membrane domains containing the glutamate transporter GLAST. This interaction ensures proper localization of GLAST in proximity to Purkinje cell dendritic spines, thereby optimizing glutamate buffering and clearance, and ultimately facilitating precise excitatory neurotransmission and motor coordination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in glutamate clearance, CDC42EP4 is instrumental in maintaining the integrity of tripartite synapse configuration. By associating with septins and interacting indirectly with proteins such as MYH10 and N‐cadherin, CDC42EP4 helps retain Bergmann glial processes near active zones. Loss of CDC42EP4 leads to a recession of glial membranes from synaptic active zones and induces a compensatory increase in neuronal adhesion molecules, suggesting that proper CDC42EP4 function is essential for both structural and functional synaptic homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to the glial-specific roles of CDC42EP4, the related effector protein CEP4 is highly expressed in hippocampal neurons where it plays a pivotal role in dendritic morphogenesis. Experiments demonstrate that CEP4 promotes dendritic growth, with knockdown leading to impaired dendritic elaboration and overexpression enhancing dendrite complexity. These findings highlight CEP4 as a key positive regulator of neuronal dendrite development and, consequently, of the formation and maintenance of neuronal circuitry."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Maya Yamazaki, Kohtarou Konno, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A CDC42EP4/septin-based perisynaptic glial scaffold facilitates glutamate clearance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms10090"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10090"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26657011"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26657011"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Kohtarou Konno, Maya Yamazaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CDC42EP4, a perisynaptic scaffold protein in Bergmann glia, is required for glutamatergic tripartite synapse configuration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurochem Int (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29330091"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29330091"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Hou, Lufeng Wang, Zhijie Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of dendrite growth by Cdc42 effector protein‑4 in hippocampal neurons "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "in vitro"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med Rep (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/mmr.2022.12644"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12644"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35169866"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35169866"}]}]}]}