{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNLRX1 is a mitochondria‐targeted pattern recognition receptor that acts as a key negative regulator of innate immune signaling. It modulates antiviral and antibacterial responses by attenuating the activation of NF‑κB, type I interferon, and STING‐dependent pathways through dynamic interactions with adaptor proteins such as TRAF6 and MAVS. In doing so, NLRX1 helps prevent excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to viral, bacterial, and endotoxin challenges."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its role in tempering innate inflammatory signals, NLRX1 is intimately involved in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and regulating cell fate. It promotes autophagy and mitophagy by interacting with factors such as TUFM and LC3, thereby linking mitochondrial quality control to the regulation of apoptosis. In various pathological contexts—including viral infections, brain trauma, ototoxicity, cardiac injury, and renal stress—the expression of NLRX1 modulates reactive oxygen species levels, affects the activation of stress‐responsive kinases (e.g., JNK), and ultimately influences cellular survival or death."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition, NLRX1 influences tumorigenesis and cellular metabolism, underscoring its dual role in both immune regulation and cancer biology. In the context of adaptive immunity and chronic inflammation, NLRX1 modulates T cell differentiation and epithelial responses, thereby affecting inflammatory bowel disease, as well as colorectal and mammary tumor development. By regulating the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, NLRX1 shapes the metabolic profile of parenchymal cells such as hepatocytes, with implications for conditions like non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Collectively, these studies position NLRX1 as a context‐dependent modulator whose expression levels and interacting partners determine its impact on immune tolerance, cell survival, and oncogenic processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "28", "end_ref": "35"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ali A Abdul-Sater, Najwane Saïd-Sadier, Verissa M Lam, et al. 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