{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nStudies of the flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene family have revealed that these enzymes exhibit pronounced cell-, tissue-, sex-, and developmental stage‐specific expression profiles that underpin their classical roles in xenobiotic metabolism. For example, different FMO isoforms display distinct distribution patterns in mouse liver, kidney, lung, and brain, emphasizing the complexity and specialization of these enzymes in regulating chemical transformations in vivo."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent investigations have expanded the biological roles of FMOs beyond drug metabolism. Mouse models deficient in several FMO isoforms demonstrate altered energy homeostasis, including a lean phenotype with increased resting energy expenditure and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, while other studies have linked FMO1 to the biosynthesis of taurine from hypotaurine. These complementary studies, along with biochemical analyses of recombinant FMO isoforms, underscore the emerging concept that FMOs contribute to endogenous metabolic regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn a novel development extending the spectrum of genes implicated in mammalian physiology, SERTM2—also known as CARDEL or LINC00890—has been identified as a critical regulatory factor during cardiac development. Detailed temporal gene-expression analyses in human pluripotent stem cells and in fetal and adult heart tissues reveal that SERTM2 expression coincides with commitment to the cardiac lineage. Functional studies further demonstrated that knockout of SERTM2 impairs the differentiation of cardiac cells, while its controlled overexpression modulates cardiomyocyte beating rates, thereby shaping the cardiac gene network that governs cell-fate commitment."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Azara Janmohamed, Diana Hernandez, Ian R Phillips, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell-, tissue-, sex- and developmental stage-specific expression of mouse flavin-containing monooxygenases (Fmos)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Pharmacol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bcp.2004.02.036"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.02.036"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15183119"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15183119"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sunil Veeravalli, Bilal A Omar, Lyndsey Houseman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The phenotype of a flavin-containing monooyxgenase knockout mouse implicates the drug-metabolizing enzyme FMO1 as a novel regulator of energy balance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Pharmacol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bcp.2014.04.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2014.04.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24792439"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24792439"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sunil Veeravalli, Ian R Phillips, Rafael T Freire, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 1 Catalyzes the Production of Taurine from Hypotaurine."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Drug Metab Dispos (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1124/dmd.119.089995"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.119.089995"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32156684"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32156684"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jun Zhang, Matt A Cerny, Matt Lawson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional activity of the mouse flavin-containing monooxygenase forms 1, 3, and 5."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biochem Mol Toxicol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jbt.20176"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20176"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17721934"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17721934"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diana Hernandez, Azara Janmohamed, Pritpal Chandan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deletion of the mouse Fmo1 gene results in enhanced pharmacological behavioural responses to imipramine."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenet Genomics (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/FPC.0b013e328328d507"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0b013e328328d507"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19262426"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19262426"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isabela T Pereira, Rubens Gomes-Júnior, Aruana Hansel-Frose, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cardiac Development Long Non-Coding RNA ("}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "CARDEL"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": ") Is Activated during Human Heart Development and Contributes to Cardiac Specification and Homeostasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cells (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/cells13121050"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13121050"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38920678"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38920678"}]}]}]}