{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSLC44A2 encodes choline transporter‐like protein 2 (CTL2), a multifunctional transmembrane protein that forms the molecular basis of the human neutrophil antigen (HNA)‐3 system. A single nucleotide polymorphism that determines whether an arginine or glutamine is present at amino acid position 154 gives rise to the HNA‐3a and HNA‐3b variants, respectively. Multiple independent studies have demonstrated that these allelic differences affect antibody binding and are linked to severe transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) as well as to thrombotic risk, including venous thromboembolism and stroke. In addition, extensive work in diverse populations has led to the development of sensitive DNA‐based genotyping and full‐length sequencing methods to identify SLC44A2 variants, underscoring its clinical relevance in transfusion medicine and immune‐mediated reactions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its immuno‐hematological significance, SLC44A2 plays an important role in membrane phospholipid homeostasis by mediating the transport of choline and, as recent evidence indicates, ethanolamine. Functional studies in alveolar type II cells, neural stem cells, and placental tissues have revealed that SLC44A2 exists in tissue‐specific isoforms with distinct posttranslational modifications and transport capabilities—findings that expand its recognized function from merely a choline transporter to a contributor in de novo phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "21"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, SLC44A2 is emerging as a critical factor in the inner ear and vascular systems. Its interaction with cochlin and its differential isoform expression in auditory tissues have been associated with hearing loss and related syndromes such as Meniere’s disease. In parallel, SLC44A2 modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and participates in platelet–neutrophil interactions under flow conditions, thereby influencing vascular integrity and the risk of conditions like deep vein thrombosis and aortic aneurysm."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "22", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andreas Greinacher, Jan Wesche, Elke Hammer, et al. 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