SNAP29 Gene

Name	synaptosomal-associated protein, 29kDa
Description	This gene, a member of the SNAP25 gene family, encodes a protein involved in multiple membrane trafficking steps. Two other members of this gene family, SNAP23 and SNAP25, encode proteins that bind a syntaxin protein and mediate synaptic vesicle membrane docking and fusion to the plasma membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds tightly to multiple syntaxins and is localized to intracellular membrane structures rather than to the plasma membrane. While the protein is mostly membrane-bound, a significant fraction of it is found free in the cytoplasm. Use of multiple polyadenylation sites has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSNAP29 is a versatile, ubiquitously expressed SNARE protein that plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular membrane fusion. In autophagy, SNAP29 mediates the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in a nutrient‐dependent manner—a process fine‐tuned by post‐translational modifications such as O‑GlcNAcylation, which in turn modulates SNARE complex assembly and autophagic flux. Reduced O‑GlcNAcylation or diminished SNAP29 levels have been associated not only with enhanced autophagosome maturation but also with pathological contexts including chemoresistant ovarian cancer, compromised degradation of viral particles, and even neuronal stress induced by α‑synuclein, underscoring SNAP29’s central role in autophagosome–lysosome fusion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its indispensable role in autophagy, SNAP29 is a key regulator of vesicular trafficking events that impact diverse cellular processes. Genetic loss‐of‑function of SNAP29 underlies the neurocutaneous CEDNIK syndrome, which is marked by aberrant epidermal differentiation and defective lamellar granule maturation, while altered SNAP29 activity also perturbs endocytic recycling of proteins—thereby compromising focal adhesion dynamics, Golgi structure, and overall cell motility. In the nervous system, SNAP29 acts as a negative modulator of synaptic transmission by slowing synaptic vesicle recycling during repetitive firing, and it also ensures proper kinetochore assembly during mitosis through the recruitment of essential components such as Knl1, thereby safeguarding accurate chromosome segregation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSNAP29 function is further regulated by signaling pathways and genetic variation that impact its localization and activity. Phosphorylation events—for example, those mediated by DAPK3—modulate SNAP29’s membrane association and in turn affect key processes such as autophagosome–lysosome fusion, focal adhesion formation, and Golgi integrity. Studies in diverse model systems, including Drosophila and CRISPR/Cas9‑mediated knockout in human fibroblasts, underscore its multifaceted role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, emerging evidence links genetic variants in the SNAP29 promoter region to psychiatric disorders and suggests roles in forming specialized intracellular compartments such as the insulin‑responsive compartment implicated in glucose transporter translocation. Finally, assessments of genes within the 22q11.2 region have also highlighted SNAP29 as a potential contributor to congenital malformations, thereby broadening its clinical impact."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bin Guo, Qianqian Liang, Lin Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "O-GlcNAc-modification of SNAP-29 regulates autophagosome maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb3066"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3066"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25419848"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25419848"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fuxing Zhou, Xiaoshan Yang, Hang Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Down-regulation of OGT promotes cisplatin resistance by inducing autophagy in ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Theranostics (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7150/thno.27806"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.27806"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30555541"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30555541"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yong Lin, Chunchen Wu, Xueyu Wang, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alpha-Synuclein defects autophagy by impairing SNAP29-mediated autophagosome-lysosome fusion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-021-04138-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-04138-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34535638"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34535638"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eli Sprecher, Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Mordechai Mizrahi-Koren, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss of SNAP29 impairs endocytic recycling and cell motility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0009759"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009759"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20305790"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20305790"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elena Morelli, Pierpaolo Ginefra, Valeria Mastrodonato, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SNARE-binding protein synaptosomal-associated protein of 29 kDa (SNAP29) regulates the intracellular sequestration of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicles in adipocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Diabetes Investig (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jdi.13912"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13912"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36181414"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36181414"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing-shu Zhang, Yu Fu, Yan-hui Zhao, et al. 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Synonyms	SNAP-29, CEDNIK
Proteins	SNP29_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	9342
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

SNAP29 has 8,173 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 128 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for SNAP29 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

SNAP29 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SNAP29 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SNAP29 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SNAP29 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with SNAP29 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with SNAP29 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SNAP29 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SNAP29 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of SNAP29 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with SNAP29 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with SNAP29 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing SNAP29 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SNAP29 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing SNAP29 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SNAP29 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing SNAP29 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SNAP29 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with SNAP29 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with SNAP29 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing SNAP29 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SNAP29 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with SNAP29 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with SNAP29 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SNAP29 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of SNAP29 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by SNAP29 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving SNAP29 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving SNAP29 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with SNAP29 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with SNAP29 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SNAP29 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with SNAP29 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.