{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA systematic review of the provided abstracts reveals that none describe or investigate SNORA64. SNORA64 is a small nucleolar RNA known in other contexts for guiding chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs, yet its function is neither explored nor mentioned in these studies. Instead, the abstracts center on signaling proteins—most notably the Frizzled receptor Fzd9 and the TMEM176A/B ion channels—which modulate key processes in bone metabolism, hippocampal development, immune cell function, and neuronal guidance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFor example, several studies demonstrate that Fzd9 is critical in mediating non-canonical Wnt signaling that supports osteoblast function, bone remodeling, and fracture repair, without affecting canonical β-catenin-dependent pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Parallel work in the hippocampus indicates that Fzd9 influences neuronal survival, synaptogenesis, and overall circuit development, findings that may help explain aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Williams syndrome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional investigations focus on the intracellular ion channels TMEM176A and TMEM176B, which are implicated in the modulation of dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation, as well as in regulating type 17 immune responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although these publications strongly advance our understanding of Wnt signaling and immune regulatory circuits, they do not extend any mechanistic insight or functional role to SNORA64.\n"}]}]}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunjie Zhao, Samuel J Pleasure "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frizzled-9 promoter drives expression of transgenes in the medial wall of the cortex and its chief derivative the hippocampus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genesis (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/gene.20058"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/gene.20058"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15354291"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15354291"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunjie Zhao, Carmen Avilés, Regina A Abel, et al. 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