{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA careful review of the provided abstracts reveals that none of them actually mention or address SNORD121A. Instead, the articles focus on zinc finger proteins—most notably ZFP318—and its alternative splice variants (including TZF and TZF‐L). In mature B lymphocytes, ZFP318 is shown to be indispensable for IgD expression. It functions by preventing premature recognition of a transcriptional termination site downstream of IgM, thereby allowing alternative splicing of the long Ig heavy chain (Igh) pre‐mRNA to include the IgD–encoding exons. This mechanism ensures the balanced cell surface expression of IgD and IgM, which is critical for proper B cell maturation and function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOther abstracts describe related zinc finger proteins with prominent expression in the testis. For example, alternative splice variants TZF and TZF‐L are expressed during spermatogenesis, where they appear to modulate transcriptional regulation, including regulation of androgen receptor–mediated gene activation and repression. In addition, ZFP318 itself has been implicated in germ cell development, with its loss leading to defects in meiotic progression and a reduction in mature spermatozoa. These studies underscore a broader role for zinc finger proteins in both immune regulation (via control of Ig splice variants) and reproductive biology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anselm Enders, Alanna Short, Lisa A Miosge, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zinc-finger protein ZFP318 is essential for expression of IgD, the alternatively spliced Igh product made by mature B lymphocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1402739111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1402739111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24616512"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24616512"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peter D Pioli, Irina Debnath, Janis J Weis, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zfp318 regulates IgD expression by abrogating transcription termination within the Ighm/Ighd locus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1401275"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1401275"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25057009"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25057009"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lynnea R Waters, Fasih M Ahsan, Johanna Ten Hoeve, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ampk regulates IgD expression but not energy stress with B cell activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-019-43985-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43985-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31160601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31160601"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masamichi Ishizuka, Hirotaka Ohshima, Norihisa Tamura, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular cloning and characteristics of a novel zinc finger protein and its splice variant whose transcripts are expressed during spermatogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00085-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00085-8) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12589823"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12589823"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masamichi Ishizuka, Eri Ohtsuka, Atsuto Inoue, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Abnormal spermatogenesis and male infertility in testicular zinc finger protein Zfp318-knockout mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Growth Differ (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/dgd.12301"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12301"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27385512"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27385512"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rong-Hua Tao, Hisaya Kawate, Keizo Ohnaka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Opposite effects of alternative TZF spliced variants on androgen receptor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.213"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.213"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16446156"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16446156"}]}]}]}