{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe collection of studies provided here primarily investigates the roles of various non‐coding RNAs—especially long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—in modulating key cellular processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular metabolism in contexts including ischemic stroke, neurodegeneration, cardiac dysfunction, and metabolic disorders. For example, one study demonstrated that the lncRNA Malat1 acted through a competitive endogenous (ceRNA) mechanism with miR-181c-5p to regulate HMGB1 and thereby influence post-stroke inflammatory injury, while another revealed that lncRNA SNHG6 modulated neuronal apoptosis via the miR-181c-5p/BIM axis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA substantial number of the abstracts focus on miR-181c-5p as a critical modulator in multiple disease and stress contexts. These studies report that miR-181c-5p influences neurite and synapse development, regulates key signaling pathways by targeting transcripts such as HMGB1, cyclin B1, FoxO1, and IDH1, and even modulates mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes. Upstream regulatory molecules—including lncRNAs like GAS5, protein factors such as PACT and AGO2, and even sex hormones like estradiol—fine-tune its activity, thereby impacting cellular responses in stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction, renal injury, and bone loss."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOther investigations in this series extend these findings by exploring how lncRNAs such as GAS5 facilitate macrophage autophagy through sponging miRNAs including miR-181c-5p, and how post-transcriptional regulators (e.g., AGO2 phosphorylation driven by estradiol) can control miR-181c’s subcellular localization and subsequent effects on mitochondrial function. Despite the extensive elucidation of these non-coding RNA networks, none of the provided abstracts address or characterize the function of SNORD79. As a result, while many non-coding RNAs have been implicated in the fine-tuning of gene expression networks under pathological conditions, the role and mechanism of SNORD79 remain unexplored in these studies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ding-Wen Cao, Man-Man Liu, Rui Duan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The lncRNA Malat1 functions as a ceRNA to contribute to berberine-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 by sponging miR-181c-5p in poststroke inflammation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Pharmacol Sin (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41401-019-0284-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-019-0284-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31431734"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31431734"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xi'an Zhang, Zhanhui Liu, Qing Shu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA SNHG6 functions as a ceRNA to regulate neuronal cell apoptosis by modulating miR-181c-5p/BIM signalling in ischaemic stroke."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Mol Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jcmm.14480"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14480"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31334597"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31334597"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aron Kos, Nikkie Olde Loohuis, Julia Meinhardt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-181 promotes synaptogenesis and attenuates axonal outgrowth in cortical neurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Mol Life Sci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00018-016-2179-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-016-2179-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27017280"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27017280"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Yan, Hua Yan, Ying Teng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA 00507/miRNA-181c-5p/TTBK1/MAPT axis regulates tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Gene Med (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jgm.3268"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.3268"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32891070"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32891070"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Li, Junwen Hu, Yucong Peng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CircPTK2-miR-181c-5p-HMGB1: a new regulatory pathway for microglia activation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by sepsis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s10020-021-00305-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-021-00305-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33952191"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33952191"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huimin Zhou, Rui Zhang, Kang Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deregulation of miRNA-181c potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by targeting collapsin response mediator protein 2 in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurol Sci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.038"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.038"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27423553"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27423553"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Barbara Roman, Pawandeep Kaur, Deepthi Ashok, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear-mitochondrial communication involving miR-181c plays an important role in cardiac dysfunction during obesity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Cell Cardiol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32442661"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442661"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaoyan Lv, Zhaomin Mao, Zhongshi Lyu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR181c promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of metanephric mesenchyme cells by targeting Six2 in vitro."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Biochem Funct (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cbf.3052"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3052"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25187057"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25187057"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenjuan Sun, Binying Min, Dewei Du, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-181c protects CsA-induced renal damage and fibrosis through inhibiting EMT."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Lett (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/1873-3468.12872"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.12872"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28976551"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28976551"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhongyang Sun, Ying Li, Han Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-181c-5p mediates simulated microgravity-induced impaired osteoblast proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrested in the G"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sub"}], "href": "sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sub"}], "href": "/sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": " phase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Mol Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jcmm.14220"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14220"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30761733"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30761733"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guangwei Yang, Yuanbo Wu, Shandong Ye "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-181c restrains nitration stress of endothelial cells in diabetic db/db mice through inhibiting the expression of FoxO1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.083"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.083"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28223216"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28223216"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maria Antony, Victoria Scranton, Pranay Srivastava, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Micro RNA 181c-5p: A promising target for post-stroke recovery in socially isolated mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurosci Lett (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134610"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134610"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31722236"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722236"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tao Xu, Xiangrong Xu, Yuankui Chu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long‑chain non‑coding RNA "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "GAS5"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " promotes cell autophagy by modulating the miR‑181c‑5p/"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "ATG5"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " and miR‑1192/"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "ATG12"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " axes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Med (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijmm.2021.5042"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.5042"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34608496"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34608496"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Asli E Dogan, Syed M Hamid, Asli D Yildirim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PACT establishes a posttranscriptional brake on mitochondrial biogenesis by promoting the maturation of miR-181c."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102050"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102050"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35598827"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35598827"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kei Akiyoshi, Gretha J Boersma, Miranda D Johnson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of miR-181c in Diet-induced obesity through regulation of lipid synthesis in liver."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0256973"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256973"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34879063"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34879063"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yujie Hu, Chong Hu, Jierong Yin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-181c-5p ameliorates learning and memory in sleep-deprived mice via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An Acad Bras Cienc (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1590/0001-3765202320220750"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220750"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37466537"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37466537"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rongjie Li, Shanshan Yao, Feijie Wei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of miR-181c-5p in Alzheimer's disease weakens the response of microglia to Aβ phagocytosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-024-62347-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62347-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38769091"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38769091"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diego Quiroga, Barbara Roman, Marwan Salih, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sex-dependent phosphorylation of Argonaute 2 reduces the mitochondrial translocation of miR-181c and induces cardioprotection in females."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Cell Cardiol (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38880194"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38880194"}]}]}]}