{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSORL1, also known as SorLA or LR11, functions as a neuronal sorting receptor that plays a central role in regulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking and processing. Multiple biochemical and cell‐biological studies have shown that SORL1 binds directly to APP and channels it away from amyloidogenic endosomal compartments—thereby limiting its cleavage into neurotoxic amyloid‐β peptides. In addition, SORL1 regulates the formation of APP–BACE complexes and interacts with critical trafficking assemblies (such as the retromer complex), actions that preserve proper endosomal function and protect neurons from aberrant APP processing."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn parallel, a large body of genetic and epigenetic research has consistently implicated SORL1 variants in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Genome‐wide association studies, targeted exome resequencing and DNA methylation analyses have identified numerous missense, nonsense, and rare (often ultra‐rare) variants in SORL1 that diminish its protective functions. These genetic alterations—detected in diverse ethnic cohorts and in both late‐onset and early‐onset forms of AD—are associated with increased amyloidogenic processing of APP and a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond regulating APP, SORL1 participates in broader aspects of receptor sorting and cellular homeostasis. Studies indicate that SORL1 not only influences the recycling and cell‐surface expression of transmembrane proteins involved in lipid metabolism and signal transduction but may also undergo γ‐secretase–mediated cleavage to release a cytoplasmic fragment with potential transcriptional regulatory functions. Furthermore, alterations in SORL1 expression have been linked to changes in endosomal and lysosomal integrity, with implications for metabolic regulation and neuronal survival. Collectively, these diverse roles underscore SORL1’s multifaceted contributions to normal cell physiology and its perturbation in neurodegenerative processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "27", "end_ref": "45"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Olav M Andersen, Juliane Reiche, Vanessa Schmidt, et al. 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