{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nST3GAL3 encodes a Golgi‐localized β‑galactoside α2,3‑sialyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of sialic acid to terminal galactose residues on glycoproteins, thereby generating key glycotopes such as the sialyl Lewis a epitope. Its expression is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level through a single promoter region, and alternative splicing events produce multiple isoforms—particularly notable in neuronal tissues—suggesting a complex mechanism to fine‑tune its activity (1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn cancer, aberrant expression of ST3GAL3 alters cell surface glycosylation patterns that favor tumor progression and metastasis. In gastrointestinal carcinomas, increased ST3GAL3 levels correlate with de novo synthesis of sialyl Lewis epitopes and are associated with altered cell adhesion characteristics, while studies in breast cancer cells indicate that its modulation affects integrin function, matrix metalloproteinase expression, and ultimately, cell migration and invasive capacity. Moreover, in ovarian cancer models, elevated ST3GAL3 contributes to resistance against chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and paclitaxel by dampening caspase‑mediated apoptotic pathways and influencing key signaling cascades including AKT phosphorylation (3."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in glycosylation and tumor biology, ST3GAL3 is critically involved in normal neural development and inflammatory processes. Defective sialyltransferase activity, due to loss‐of‐function mutations, has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders—including intellectual disability, West syndrome, and developmental epileptic encephalopathy—underscoring the enzyme’s importance in forming glycotopes essential for proper neuronal signaling. Emerging evidence also indicates that rare variants in ST3GAL3 may contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, while its upregulation in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes activates the TLR9/MyD88 axis to promote inflammatory responses (14."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jae C Chang, Tahir Naqvi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with bone marrow metastasis and secondary myelofibrosis in cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncologist (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1634/theoncologist.8-4-375"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.8-4-375"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12897334"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12897334"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ammi Grahn, Giti Shah Barkhordar, Göran Larson "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of seven new alpha2,3-sialyltransferase III, ST3Gal III, transcripts from human foetal brain."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glycoconj J (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1023/B:GLYC.0000038295.87747.0b"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GLYC.0000038295.87747.0b"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15316282"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15316282"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hao Hu, Katinka Eggers, Wei Chen, et al. 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