{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSTAT1 is a pivotal transcription factor that mediates interferon and cytokine signaling to regulate antimicrobial and immunomodulatory gene expression. Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT1 is tyrosine‐phosphorylated and forms distinct transcription complexes—such as the IFN‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) when complexed with STAT2 and IRF9 or homodimeric gamma‐activated factor—that are essential for host defense. In addition, analyses of macrophage polarization have illustrated how STAT1 integrates microenvironmental cues with intrinsic differentiation programs. Importantly, germline mutations in STAT1 lead either to loss‐of‐function (predisposing to viral, bacterial, and mycobacterial infections) or to gain‐of‐function phenotypes (which by overamplifying STAT1 responses can impair IL‑17 immunity and cause chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSTAT1 is also a prime target for viral immune evasion. A variety of viruses—including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, West Nile virus, influenza A virus, Nipah virus, Ebola virus, rabies virus, measles virus, and other Paramyxoviridae members—have evolved strategies to inhibit STAT1 function by blocking its phosphorylation, nuclear import, or by inducing its degradation. Such viral factors disrupt the formation or nuclear trafficking of STAT1-containing transcription complexes, thereby blunting the host antiviral response."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSTAT1 activity is tightly controlled by a range of post‐translational modifications that affect its dimerization, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Tyrosine and serine phosphorylation are required for the activation and subsequent nuclear accumulation of STAT1, whereas acetylation, methylation, and sumoylation provide additional layers of regulation that can “tune” its transcriptional potency. Enzymes such as histone deacetylases, specific methyltransferases (e.g., SETD2), and phosphatases (such as SHP‑2) modulate these modifications, and recent structural analyses have shed light on how stable STAT1 homodimers and their interaction with nuclear import receptors are orchestrated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "19", "end_ref": "31"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in infectious immunity, aberrant STAT1 signaling contributes to cancer biology and treatment resistance. Enhanced or prolonged STAT1 activation has been linked to tumor radioresistance, the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules like PD‑L1, and the modulation of oncogenic as well as metabolic pathways that favor tumor survival and progression. In several tumor models, altered STAT1 activity correlates with diminished responses to chemotherapy and targeted agents, underscoring its potential as both a prognostic marker and therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "32", "end_ref": "41"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies further suggest that microRNAs participate in the modulation of STAT1‐dependent pathways, influencing the function of regulatory T cells and the balance of pro‑ versus anti‑inflammatory signals in autoimmune settings. Altered expression of miR‑146a and miR‑155 has been associated with dysregulated STAT1 signaling, highlighting its broader role in immune homeostasis and inflammatory diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "42"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toby Lawrence, Gioacchino Natoli "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization: enabling diversity with identity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Rev Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nri3088"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3088"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22025054"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22025054"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stéphanie Dupuis, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Sami Al-Hajjar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impaired response to interferon-alpha/beta and lethal viral disease in human STAT1 deficiency."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng1097"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1097"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12590259"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590259"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luyan Liu, Satoshi Okada, Xiao-Fei Kong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gain-of-function human STAT1 mutations impair IL-17 immunity and underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20110958"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20110958"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21727188"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21727188"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frank L van de Veerdonk, Theo S Plantinga, Alexander Hoischen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STAT1 mutations in autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Engl J Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1056/NEJMoa1100102"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1100102"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21714643"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714643"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sophie Lucas, Nico Ghilardi, Ji Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IL-27 regulates IL-12 responsiveness of naive CD4+ T cells through Stat1-dependent and -independent mechanisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.2536517100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2536517100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14657353"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14657353"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julie Toubiana, Satoshi Okada, Julia Hiller, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2015-11-679902"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-11-679902"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27114460"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27114460"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gulbu Uzel, Elizabeth P Sampaio, Monica G Lawrence, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dominant gain-of-function STAT1 mutations in FOXP3 wild-type immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked-like syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Allergy Clin Immunol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.054"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.054"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23534974"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23534974"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ariane Chapgier, Xiao-Fei Kong, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A partial form of recessive STAT1 deficiency in humans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI37083"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI37083"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19436109"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19436109"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ariane Chapgier, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel STAT1 alleles in otherwise healthy patients with mycobacterial disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.0020131"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020131"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16934001"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16934001"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew Frieman, Boyd Yount, Mark Heise, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.01012-07"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01012-07"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17596301"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17596301"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wen Jun Liu, Xiang Ju Wang, Vladislav V Mokhonov, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.79.3.1934-1942.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.3.1934-1942.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15650219"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650219"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eva-K Pauli, Mirco Schmolke, Thorsten Wolff, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Influenza A virus inhibits type I IFN signaling via NF-kappaB-dependent induction of SOCS-3 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1000196"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000196"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18989459"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989459"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jason J Rodriguez, Jean-Patrick Parisien, Curt M Horvath "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nipah virus V protein evades alpha and gamma interferons by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 activation and nuclear accumulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/jvi.76.22.11476-11483.2002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.22.11476-11483.2002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12388709"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12388709"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "St Patrick Reid, Charalampos Valmas, Osvaldo Martinez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ebola virus VP24 proteins inhibit the interaction of NPI-1 subfamily karyopherin alpha proteins with activated STAT1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.01097-07"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01097-07"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17928350"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928350"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Krzysztof Brzózka, Stefan Finke, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of interferon signaling by rabies virus phosphoprotein P: activation-dependent binding of STAT1 and STAT2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.80.6.2675-2683.2006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.6.2675-2683.2006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16501077"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16501077"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kaoru Takeuchi, Shin-ich Kadota, Makoto Takeda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Measles virus V protein blocks interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta but not IFN-gamma signaling by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Lett (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00528-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00528-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12804771"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12804771"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jean-Patrick Parisien, Joe F Lau, Jason J Rodriguez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Selective STAT protein degradation induced by paramyxoviruses requires both STAT1 and STAT2 but is independent of alpha/beta interferon signal transduction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/jvi.76.9.4190-4198.2002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.9.4190-4198.2002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11932384"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11932384"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenyu Lin, Won Hyeok Choe, Yoichi Hiasa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatitis C virus expression suppresses interferon signaling by degrading STAT1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15825084"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15825084"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyeonjoo Cheon, George R Stark "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Unphosphorylated STAT1 prolongs the expression of interferon-induced immune regulatory genes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0903487106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903487106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19478064"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19478064"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oliver H Krämer, Daniela Baus, Shirley K Knauer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acetylation of Stat1 modulates NF-kappaB activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.364306"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.364306"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16481475"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16481475"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kun Chen, Juan Liu, Shuxun Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Methyltransferase SETD2-Mediated Methylation of STAT1 Is Critical for Interferon Antiviral Activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.042"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.042"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28753426"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28753426"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniela Ungureanu, Sari Vanhatupa, Noora Kotaja, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PIAS proteins promote SUMO-1 conjugation to STAT1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2002-12-3816"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-12-3816"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12855578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12855578"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tong R Wu, Y Kate Hong, Xu-Dong Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SHP-2 is a dual-specificity phosphatase involved in Stat1 dephosphorylation at both tyrosine and serine residues in nuclei."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M207536200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M207536200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12270932"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12270932"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Riku Fagerlund, Krister Mélen, Leena Kinnunen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arginine/lysine-rich nuclear localization signals mediate interactions between dimeric STATs and importin alpha 5."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M202943200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M202943200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12048190"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12048190"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pravin B Sehgal, Gary G Guo, Mehul Shah, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cytokine signaling: STATS in plasma membrane rafts."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M200018200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200018200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11815625"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815625"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thomas Meyer, Andreas Marg, Petra Lemke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DNA binding controls inactivation and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Stat1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.268003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.268003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12923054"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12923054"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lidija Klampfer, Jie Huang, Laurie-Anne Swaby, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for signaling by STAT1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M401359200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401359200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15123634"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15123634"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nikola Wenta, Holger Strauss, Stefanie Meyer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the partitioning of STAT1 between different dimer conformations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0802130105"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802130105"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18591661"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18591661"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jutta Braunstein, Siska Brutsaert, Rich Olson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STATs dimerize in the absence of phosphorylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M304531200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M304531200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12832402"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12832402"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenyu Lin, Sun Suk Kim, Elaine Yeung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatitis C virus core protein blocks interferon signaling by interaction with the STAT1 SH2 domain."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.00459-06"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00459-06"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16940534"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16940534"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aurore Vidy, Mounira Chelbi-Alix, Danielle Blondel "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rabies virus P protein interacts with STAT1 and inhibits interferon signal transduction pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.79.22.14411-14420.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.22.14411-14420.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16254375"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16254375"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nikolai N Khodarev, Michael Beckett, Edwardine Labay, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STAT1 is overexpressed in tumors selected for radioresistance and confers protection from radiation in transduced sensitive cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0308102100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308102100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14755057"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755057"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fernando Concha-Benavente, Raghvendra M Srivastava, Sumita Trivedi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of the Cell-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Pathways Downstream of EGFR and IFNγ That Induce PD-L1 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26676749"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26676749"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michaël Cerezo, Ramdane Guemiri, Sabine Druillennec, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Translational control of tumor immune escape via the eIF4F-STAT1-PD-L1 axis in melanoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41591-018-0217-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0217-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30374200"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30374200"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Valeria R Fantin, Andrey Loboda, Cloud P Paweletz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Constitutive activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription predicts vorinostat resistance in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6091"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6091"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18483262"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483262"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Gordon Robertson, Mikhail Bilenky, Angela Tam, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide relationship between histone H3 lysine 4 mono- and tri-methylation and transcription factor binding."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gr.078519.108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.078519.108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18787082"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18787082"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian Zheng, Xudong Huang, Wen Tan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pancreatic cancer risk variant in LINC00673 creates a miR-1231 binding site and interferes with PTPN11 degradation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.3568"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3568"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27213290"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27213290"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroshi Iwata, Claudia Goettsch, Amitabh Sharma, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PARP9 and PARP14 cross-regulate macrophage activation via STAT1 ADP-ribosylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms12849"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12849"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27796300"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27796300"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sean P Pitroda, Bassam T Wakim, Ravi F Sood, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STAT1-dependent expression of energy metabolic pathways links tumour growth and radioresistance to the Warburg effect."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1741-7015-7-68"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-68"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19891767"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19891767"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Euan A Stronach, Albandri Alfraidi, Nona Rama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HDAC4-regulated STAT1 activation mediates platinum resistance in ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21571862"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21571862"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anathbandhu Chaudhuri, Bo Yang, Howard E Gendelman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STAT1 signaling modulates HIV-1-induced inflammatory responses and leukocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2007-05-091207"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-05-091207"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18003888"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18003888"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andreas Marg, Ying Shan, Thomas Meyer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by nucleoporins Nup153 and Nup214 and CRM1-dependent nuclear export control the subcellular distribution of latent Stat1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200403057"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200403057"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15210729"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15210729"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 43, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qihui Zhou, Sonja Haupt, Johannes T Kreuzer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Decreased expression of miR-146a and miR-155 contributes to an abnormal Treg phenotype in patients with rheumatoid arthritis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Rheum Dis (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204377"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204377"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24562503"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24562503"}]}]}]}