{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSTEEP1 functions as a critical positive regulator of STING signaling by facilitating the exit of STING from the endoplasmic reticulum, a necessary step for initiating downstream immune responses. It achieves this by stimulating the production of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, which in turn promotes ER membrane curvature and the formation of COPII vesicles responsible for transporting STING to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. This trafficking is essential for the proper activation of STING-driven gene expression during viral infection, and its impairment results in reduced immune responsiveness. Moreover, enhanced interaction between STEEP1 and gain‐of‐function STING mutants—observed in patients with STING-associated diseases—underscores the pivotal role of STEEP1 in modulating membrane dynamics to ensure efficient STING signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bao-Cun Zhang, Ramya Nandakumar, Line S Reinert, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STEEP mediates STING ER exit and activation of signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Immunol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41590-020-0730-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0730-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32690950"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32690950"}]}]}]}