| Name | threonyl-tRNA synthetase 1 |
| Description | Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTARS1, canonically responsible for charging tRNA with threonine during protein synthesis, also functions as an extracellular signaling molecule with potent angiogenic and pro‐migratory activities. Under conditions of inflammatory or vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation, TARS1 is secreted and can directly promote endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. These extracellular functions have been associated with disease states, such as ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer, where TARS1 expression correlates with pro‐angiogenic markers and MUC1‐mediated tumor cell migration. Moreover, TARS1 is recognized as an autoantigen in clinical syndromes such as antisynthetase syndrome, as evidenced in studies of anti-PL7 patients"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "<br><br>\nIn addition to its extracellular actions, TARS1 has evolved a noncanonical role in the regulation of translation initiation in vertebrates. A specialized TARS1-mediated machinery interacts with eIF4E homologous protein and other initiation components to facilitate the selective translation of mRNAs critical for vertebrate development. This gain-of-function role underscores a broader contribution of TARS1 beyond its traditional enzymatic activity"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "<br><br>\nFinally, genetic variants in TARS1 have been linked to defects in protein translation, with mutations compromising protein stability and enzymatic function. Such perturbations are associated with recessive clinical phenotypes, including trichothiodystrophy and multisystem disorders manifesting with skin and lung abnormalities. Experimental models further validate that even partial loss of TARS1 function can yield significant developmental and tissue-specific defects, thereby expanding the spectrum of TARS1-related gene-expression disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tamara F Williams, Adam C Mirando, Barrie Wilkinson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Secreted Threonyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep01317"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01317"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23425968"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23425968"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "I Marie, S Josse, O Decaux, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical manifestations and outcome of anti-PL7 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Intern Med (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ejim.2013.01.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2013.01.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23375620"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375620"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Theresa L Wellman, Midori Eckenstein, Cheung Wong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Threonyl-tRNA synthetase overexpression correlates with angiogenic markers and progression of human ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2407-14-620"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-620"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25163878"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25163878"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seung Jae Jeong, Jong Hyun Kim, Beom Jin Lim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of MUC1 biosynthesis via threonyl-tRNA synthetase suppresses pancreatic cancer cell migration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Mol Med (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/emm.2017.231"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2017.231"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29328069"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29328069"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seung Jae Jeong, Shinhye Park, Loi T Nguyen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A threonyl-tRNA synthetase-mediated translation initiation machinery."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-019-09086-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09086-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30902983"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30902983"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arjan F Theil, Elena Botta, Anja Raams, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bi-allelic TARS Mutations Are Associated with Brittle Hair Phenotype."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31374204"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31374204"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rebecca Meyer-Schuman, Allison R Cale, Jennifer A Pierluissi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A model organism pipeline provides insight into the clinical heterogeneity of TARS1 loss-of-function variants."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HGG Adv (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100324"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100324"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38956874"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38956874"}]}]}]}
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| NCBI Gene ID | 6897 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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TARS1 has 3,656 functional associations with biological entities spanning 6 categories (chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 42 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for TARS1 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TARS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with TARS1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of TARS1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with TARS1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing TARS1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing TARS1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with TARS1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action | small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of TARS1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset. | |
| DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases involving TARS1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with TARS1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving TARS1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving TARS1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by TARS1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by TARS1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of TARS1 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of TARS1 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of TARS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
| GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with TARS1 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of TARS1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of TARS1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways 2026 | pathways involving TARS1 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset. | |
| Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas | kinases that phosphorylate TARS1 protein from the Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of TARS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
| MW Enzyme Metabolite Associations | interacting metabolites for TARS1 protein from the MW Gene Metabolite Associations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving TARS1 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving TARS1 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving TARS1 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of TARS1 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas | drug perturbations changing expression of TARS1 gene from the Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of TARS1 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of TARS1 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with TARS1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
