{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe meiotic telomere complex—comprised of MAJIN, TERB1, and TERB2—is essential for proper chromosome behavior during meiosis. Structural investigations have revealed that TERB1, in complex with TERB2, functions as a critical adaptor linking telomeric DNA to the inner nuclear envelope. This assembly helps to form a mature attachment plate that not only secures telomeres but also facilitates the transmission of forces from the cytoskeleton via the LINC complex, thereby driving rapid chromosome movements necessary for homologous pairing, synapsis, and successful recombination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nIn parallel high-resolution studies, the crystal structure of the human TERB1-TERB2 subcomplex provided molecular-level insights into how TERB1 mediates the stable attachment of telomeres to the nuclear envelope. Disruption of the TERB1-TERB2 interaction has been shown in mouse models to abolish telomere tethering and precipitate aberrant homologous pairing and disordered synapsis during meiotic prophase I, underscoring TERB1’s indispensable role in maintaining the structural framework of meiotic chromosome dynamics."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nComplementary clinical studies have further implicated TERB1 in fertility. For example, genetic analysis in men with non‐obstructive azoospermia has uncovered rare, likely damaging variants in TERB1, in addition to mutations in other members of the telomere complex. Such variants are associated with germ cell maturation arrest, emphasizing that proper TERB1 function is crucial for meiosis and spermatogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "James M Dunce, Amy E Milburn, Manickam Gurusaran, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural basis of meiotic telomere attachment to the nuclear envelope by MAJIN-TERB2-TERB1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-018-07794-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07794-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30559341"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30559341"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Wang, Yanyan Chen, Juan Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The meiotic TERB1-TERB2-MAJIN complex tethers telomeres to the nuclear envelope."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-019-08437-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08437-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30718482"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30718482"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Albert Salas-Huetos, Frank Tüttelmann, Margot J Wyrwoll, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Disruption of human meiotic telomere complex genes TERB1, TERB2 and MAJIN in men with non-obstructive azoospermia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genet (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00439-020-02236-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-020-02236-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33211200"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33211200"}]}]}]}