{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTEX19 is a mammalian-specific protein that has emerged as a potential marker of pluripotency and germ cell identity. In mice, TEX19.1 is expressed in the inner cell mass and embryonic stem cells with an expression pattern closely resembling that of Oct4, suggesting a role in the maintenance of self‐renewal and pluripotency. TEX19 transcripts are maternally inherited and later become restricted to the germ line, consistent with a function in early development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nTEX19 has also been classified as a cancer/testis antigen because its normal expression is largely confined to the testis, but it becomes reactivated in various cancers. Although its precise functions in oncogenesis are still being defined, the restricted expression profile makes it an attractive candidate for use as a cancer-specific biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nIn bladder cancer, TEX19 expression has been observed at both the mRNA and protein levels, with a significantly increased expression in high-grade tumors compared to low-grade ones. Such findings imply that TEX19 may play a role in tumor progression and offers a potential target for immunotherapeutic strategies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nSimilarly, studies in ovarian cancer have indicated that TEX19 is involved in the oncogenic process of this malignancy, further supporting its utility as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancers where it is aberrantly expressed."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nFurthermore, experimental evidence in mouse models shows that TEX19.1 can interact with the LINE-1 retrotransposable element ORF1 protein, thereby restricting its mobilization within the genome. This action likely contributes to preserving genome stability in the germ line, hinting at a broader role in the protection of genomic integrity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandra Kuntz, Emmanuelle Kieffer, Laurent Bianchetti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tex19, a mammalian-specific protein with a restricted expression in pluripotent stem cells and germ line."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cells (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1634/stemcells.2007-0772"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1634/stemcells.2007-0772"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18096721"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18096721"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vicente Planells-Palop, Ali Hazazi, Julia Feichtinger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human germ/stem cell-specific gene TEX19 influences cancer cell proliferation and cancer prognosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12943-017-0653-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-017-0653-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28446200"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28446200"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jianhua Zhong, Yan Chen, Xinhui Liao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Testis expressed 19 is a novel cancer-testis antigen expressed in bladder cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumour Biol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s13277-015-4567-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4567-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26695143"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26695143"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhaoxu Xu, Haichao Tang, Tianshu Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TEX19 promotes ovarian carcinoma progression and is a potential target for epitope vaccine immunotherapy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Life Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117171"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117171"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31843525"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31843525"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Faisal A Alzahrani, Yousef MohammedRabaa Hawsawi, Hisham N Altayeb, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In silico modeling of the interaction between TEX19 and LIRE1, and analysis of TEX19 gene missense SNPs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Genet Genomic Med (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/mgg3.1707"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.1707"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34036740"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34036740"}]}]}]}