{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have highlighted the oncogenic role of TM4SF1‑AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Under hypoxic conditions, TM4SF1‑AS1 is upregulated through the HIF‑1α pathway, which in turn increases the expression of its neighboring gene, TM4SF1, at both the mRNA and protein levels. This cascade promotes enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, thereby contributing to the malignant behavior of HCC cells. Moreover, interference with TM4SF1‑AS1 expression effectively impairs these oncogenic processes, underscoring its potential as a tumor-promoting factor in the context of HCC."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in liver cancer, TM4SF1‑AS1 is being investigated in gastric cancer tissues and cells, where its dysregulation may underlie similar malignant processes. Although detailed mechanisms in this cancer type remain to be fully elucidated, studies are focusing on how altered expression of TM4SF1‑AS1 might contribute to gastric tumorigenesis and progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurther extending its clinical relevance, TM4SF1‑AS1 is also explored as a potential biomarker in cholangiocarcinoma—a malignancy characterized by high mortality. Efforts are underway to determine its utility in monitoring disease development and improving patient outcomes, thereby emphasizing the broad significance of TM4SF1‑AS1 in diverse tumor types."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}]}]}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhi Zeng, Zhan Shi, Yang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HIF-1α-activated TM4SF1-AS1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancing TM4SF1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34118595"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34118595"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chengzhi He, Wenjing Qi, Zhihui Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effect and mechanism of downregulating the long-chain noncoding RNA TM4SF1-AS1 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of gastric cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World J Surg Oncol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12957-021-02334-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-021-02334-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34330293"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34330293"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hang Jiang, Wei Li, Zhiqian Xue, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "lncRNA TM4SF1-AS1 predicts dismal outcomes and promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression via modulating miR-744-3p."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101915"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101915"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35346892"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35346892"}]}]}]}