{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFGL2—also known as fibroleukin—is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in immunoregulation and coagulation. In its soluble form, FGL2 is secreted by regulatory T cells and modulates immune responses by inhibiting T‐cell proliferation, skewing cytokine profiles toward Th2, and impairing dendritic cell maturation, thereby contributing to immune tolerance and tempering inflammatory responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn its membrane‐bound form, FGL2 demonstrates prothrombinase activity by catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin—a key step that promotes fibrin deposition and thrombosis. This mechanism underlies its involvement in the pathogenesis of xenograft and allograft rejection, viral hepatitis and fetal loss, as well as in the control of coagulation during inflammation. Such functions have been elucidated using in vitro reconstitution studies and gene deletion models, thereby linking FGL2 to coagulation-mediated tissue injury."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond these central roles, emerging evidence indicates that FGL2 is a critical effector in numerous pathological contexts. Its dysregulation has been linked to fulminant viral hepatitis, complement‐mediated liver injury, and transplant rejection as well as adverse outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease, renal fibrosis, and brain tumors. 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