{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCalcium‐dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2) is a dense‐core vesicle protein that plays a pivotal role in Ca²⁺‐dependent exocytosis of neurotrophic factors and neuropeptides. In neurons of the hippocampus and cerebellum, CAPS2 promotes activity‐dependent release of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), a process that is essential for the development and maintenance of inhibitory circuits, proper synaptic formation, and neuronal survival. While other Ca²⁺‐binding proteins such as calcyphosine (PMID:"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "have been characterized, CAPS2 uniquely orchestrates neurotrophic secretion and synaptic plasticity, with its dysfunction being linked to developmental deficits and autism spectrum disorder–related phenotypes (PMID:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to driving exocytosis at the plasma membrane, CAPS2 plays a critical role in dense‐core vesicle priming and intracellular vesicle trafficking. It is involved in vesicle priming via its pleckstrin homology domain rather than through its MUN domain, distinguishing its mechanism from that of Munc13 proteins. CAPS2 also localizes to the Golgi apparatus, where it recruits GDP‐bound ARF4/ARF5 to promote proper vesicle biogenesis. Moreover, the expression of naturally occurring CAPS2 splice variants—one containing an alternative exon that enhances vesicular monoamine transporter function—modulates catecholamine loading into vesicles, thereby fine‐tuning monoaminergic transmission (PMID:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCAPS2 further influences neuroendocrine signaling and behavior by regulating hormone and neuropeptide release. For example, CAPS2 modulates oxytocin secretion from hypothalamic neurons, impacting social interaction and recognition, while its deficiency also alters endocrine responses—such as insulin and leptin release—that affect stress reactivity, weight regulation, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Disruption of CAPS2 function therefore has broad implications, contributing to autistic‐like behaviors, anxiety, and impaired neurogenesis (PMID:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shu Wang, Jin-zhong Chen, Zhen Zhang, et al. 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