TMPO Gene

Name	thymopoietin
Description	Through alternative splicing, this gene encodes several distinct LEM domain containing protein isoforms. LEM domain proteins include inner nuclear membrane and intranuclear proteins, and are involved in a variety of cellular functions including gene expression, chromatin organization, and replication and cell cycle control. The encoded alpha isoform is broadly diffuse in the nucleus and contains a lamin binding domain, while the beta and gamma isoforms are localized to the nuclear membrane and contain an HDAC3 interaction domain. The distinct isoforms may compete with each other when acting to chaperone other proteins and regulate transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2019]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTMPO (thymopoietin), also known as LAP2, is a gene that through alternative splicing produces a family of nuclear envelope proteins (e.g., LAP2α, LAP2β, LAP2ζ) that are pivotal for nuclear architecture and cell cycle regulation. These isoforms localize to distinct nuclear compartments and interact directly with A‐type lamins and chromatin. In particular, TMPO products help anchor critical regulators such as the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) within the nucleus, ensuring its proper phosphorylation state and function during cell cycle progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond providing structural support, TMPO isoforms modulate gene expression by bridging the nuclear lamina with chromatin and recruiting chromatin‐modifying factors. For example, LAP2ζ has been shown to impact transcriptional regulation through its interactions with DNA‐binding factors and histone modifiers, while LAP2α participates in the organization of telomeres and other chromatin domains. In addition, long noncoding RNA species such as TMPO-AS1 directly interact with TMPO mRNA to enhance its stability and transcription, thereby promoting oncogenic transcriptional programs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlterations in TMPO expression or mutation of its isoforms have been increasingly linked to human pathologies. A missense mutation affecting LAP2α (e.g., an Arg690Cys substitution) compromises its interaction with lamin A/C, with implications in dilated cardiomyopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Moreover, aberrant TMPO expression and deregulation of TMPO-AS1 have been observed in a variety of cancers—including breast, glioblastoma, cervical, and hepatocellular carcinoma—where they correlate with enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and altered extracellular matrix expression, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ewa Markiewicz, Thomas Dechat, Roland Foisner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lamin A/C binding protein LAP2alpha is required for nuclear anchorage of retinoblastoma protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.e02-07-0450"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-07-0450"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12475961"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12475961"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew R G Taylor, Dobromir Slavov, Andreas Gajewski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thymopoietin (lamina-associated polypeptide 2) gene mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mutat (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/humu.20250"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.20250"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16247757"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16247757"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paola Parise, Giacomo Finocchiaro, Barabara Masciadri, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lap2alpha expression is controlled by E2F and deregulated in various human tumors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Cycle (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/cc.5.12.2833"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.12.2833"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16760672"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16760672"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luc Snyers, Sylvia Vlcek, Thomas Dechat, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lamina-associated polypeptide 2-alpha forms homo-trimers via its C terminus, and oligomerization is unaffected by a disease-causing mutation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M605782200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M605782200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17213199"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17213199"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vanja Pekovic, Jens Harborth, Jos L V Broers, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleoplasmic LAP2alpha-lamin A complexes are required to maintain a proliferative state in human fibroblasts."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200606139"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200606139"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17227891"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17227891"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sigal Shaklai, Raz Somech, Einav Nili Gal-Yam, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LAP2zeta binds BAF and suppresses LAP2beta-mediated transcriptional repression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Cell Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.01.014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.01.014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18403046"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18403046"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhiming Qin, Xiangru Zheng, Yu Fang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA TMPO-AS1 promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer through regulating its natural antisense transcript TMPO."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.088"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.088"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31230752"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31230752"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiao-Jing Luo, Ming-Ming He, Jia Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA TMPO-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by forming biomolecular condensates with FUS and p300 to regulate TMPO transcription."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Mol Med (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s12276-022-00791-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-022-00791-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35760875"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35760875"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ping Li, Peter Meinke, Le Thi Thanh Huong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Contribution of SUN1 mutations to the pathomechanism in muscular dystrophies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mutat (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/humu.22504"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22504"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24375709"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24375709"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez, Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano, Julio Lopez-Sleman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thymopoietin Beta and Gamma Isoforms as a Potential Diagnostic Molecular Marker for Breast Cancer: Preliminary Data."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Oncol Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12253-015-9907-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-015-9907-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25837847"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25837847"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lin Zhang, Gan Wang, Shiwen Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Depletion of thymopoietin inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest/apoptosis in glioblastoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World J Surg Oncol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12957-016-1018-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-016-1018-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27756319"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27756319"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michelle C Ward, Pauline J van der Watt, Gannie Tzoneva, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deregulated LAP2α expression in cervical cancer associates with aberrant E2F and p53 activities."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IUBMB Life (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/iub.528"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.528"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21990273"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21990273"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaolong Liu, Zhongyang Shen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA TMPO-AS1 Aggravates the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via miR-429/GOT1 Axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Med Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32988599"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32988599"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	LEMD4, CMD1T, PRO0868
Proteins	LAP2A_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	7112
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

TMPO has 13,365 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 127 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for TMPO from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

TMPO Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by TMPO gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TMPO gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TMPO gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TMPO gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with TMPO protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with TMPO gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TMPO gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TMPO gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of TMPO gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TMPO gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TMPO protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TMPO protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TMPO protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TMPO protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with TMPO protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with TMPO protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TMPO gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TMPO gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with TMPO gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TMPO gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of TMPO protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by TMPO gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving TMPO gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving TMPO gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with TMPO gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with TMPO gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with TMPO gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TMPO gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with TMPO gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TMPO gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TMPO gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TMPO gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.