{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nB3galt2, a β‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase highly expressed in the brain, plays a protective role in ischemic stroke. Deficiency of B3galt2 leads to exacerbated brain injury, with increased neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits observed in the penumbra region following ischemia/reperfusion. Notably, the reduction in Reelin and Dab1 levels associated with B3galt2 insufficiency can be mitigated by the intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant human Reelin, underscoring its role in modulating the Reelin signaling pathway crucial for neuronal survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its impact on neuronal survival, B3galt2 is essential for maintaining blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity during ischemic events. Expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells, an increase in B3galt2 levels in ischemic microvessels promotes the activation of the TGF‑β signaling pathway—as evidenced by enhanced levels of TGF‑β1, TGF‑β receptor II, and phosphorylated Smad2/3—which in turn reduces infarct volume and improves functional outcomes. Conversely, depletion of B3galt2 worsens BBB damage and neurological deficits, while exogenous TGF‑β1 administration alleviates these effects."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, recent studies emphasize that B3galt2 is a pivotal glycosyltransferase in the brain, influencing a range of processes from neuronal development and survival to the modulation of key neuroprotective signaling cascades. Although further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms, the emerging data point toward a multifaceted role for B3galt2 in ischemic stroke, providing a promising target for therapeutic intervention."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengjie Jia, Xue Yang, Tianhui Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "β-1, 3-galactosyltransferase 2 deficiency exacerbates brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brain Res Bull (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33482286"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33482286"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xue Yang, Jia Liang, Mengjie Jia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "β-1, 3-galactosyltransferase 2 ameliorates focal ischemic cerebral injury by maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurochem Int (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104976"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104976"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33524473"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33524473"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaojie Chen, Pan Wang, Lili Ren, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effects of the genetic knockout of the β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2 on spatial learning and neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus and somatosensory cortex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuroreport (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/WNR.0000000000001857"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000001857"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36504040"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36504040"}]}]}]}