{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTUT7 is a versatile terminal uridyl transferase that plays pivotal roles in microRNA biogenesis and function. In one context, TUT7 recognizes precursor miRNAs—especially those with a non‐canonical 1‐nt 3′ overhang—and catalyzes a mono-uridylation reaction to restore the canonical 2-nt overhang needed for efficient Dicer processing. In embryonic stem cells, where the pluripotency factor Lin28 recruits TUTases, TUT7 functions redundantly with its paralog TUT4 to add uridines that either block or promote let-7 biogenesis. In addition, TUT7-mediated tailing generates miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) that can modulate target recognition, thereby expanding the repertoire of non-canonical mRNA targets. These findings indicate that TUT7 acts both as a repair enzyme for structurally defective pre-miRNAs and as a trigger for their degradation when aberrant processing might otherwise occur."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its impact on the miRNA pathway, TUT7 also contributes significantly to general RNA metabolism. It selectively uridylates deadenylated mRNAs possessing short poly(A) tails, thereby acting as a molecular mark that promotes transcript decay. In the specialized case of replication-dependent histone mRNAs, TUT7 collaborates with exonucleases to uridylate trimmed degradation intermediates, intensifying their turnover. Moreover, by modifying the 3′ ends of LINE-1 retrotransposon mRNAs, TUT7 helps restrict the retrotransposition process, thus serving as a guardian of genomic stability."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurthermore, emerging evidence implicates TUT7 in the regulation of inflammatory gene expression and cancer biology. In primary macrophages and osteoarthritic models, modulation of TUT7 expression is associated with altered levels of pivotal cytokines such as interleukin-6, suggesting a role in fine-tuning inflammatory responses. In parallel, changes in TUT7 expression have been observed in certain cancers, where its influence on miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks likely impacts cell proliferation, migration, and diagnostic marker potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "James E Thornton, Hao-Ming Chang, Elena Piskounova, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TUT7 controls the fate of precursor microRNAs by using three different uridylation mechanisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.15252/embj.201590931"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201590931"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25979828"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25979828"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christopher R Faehnle, Jack Walleshauser, Leemor Joshua-Tor "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multi-domain utilization by TUT4 and TUT7 in control of let-7 biogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Struct Mol Biol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nsmb.3428"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3428"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28671666"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28671666"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acong Yang, Xavier Bofill-De Ros, Tie-Juan Shao, et al. 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