{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nUGT2B17 is a phase II conjugating enzyme that catalyzes the glucuronidation of androgens – including testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and their metabolites – thereby promoting their inactivation and elimination. The enzyme’s activity plays a central role in maintaining androgen homeostasis, particularly in androgen‐sensitive tissues such as the prostate. Variations in UGT2B17 such as deletion polymorphisms have been linked with differences in androgen disposition among ethnic groups and have implications for both prostate cancer risk and the interpretation of antidoping tests."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond androgen metabolism, UGT2B17 contributes to the detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolism of clinically used drugs. The enzyme glucuronidates carcinogenic tobacco metabolites—such as NNAL—and drugs like suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and investigational compounds (e.g. MK-7246), with gene copy number variations and deletion polymorphisms greatly influencing its metabolic efficiency. Moreover, its expression is modulated by hormonal signals (through the androgen receptor, FXR, etc.) and post‐transcriptional regulators like microRNAs (for example, miR-376c), leading to marked interindividual and sex-related differences in glucuronidation capacity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nClinically, genetic and epigenetic alterations of UGT2B17 have far‐reaching consequences. Its deletion and other copy number variations not only impact circulating androgen levels and urinary steroid profiles (with relevance for doping controls), but they are also associated with variable risks for hormone‐dependent cancers such as prostate, lung and breast cancer. In addition, promoter polymorphisms and microRNA‐mediated regulation further fine‐tune its expression, ultimately affecting drug pharmacokinetics and responsiveness. These findings underscore the enzyme’s dual roles both as a key regulator of steroid hormone metabolism and as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in diverse disease states."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "44"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jenny Jakobsson, Lena Ekström, Nobuo Inotsume, et al. 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