{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlthough none of the provided abstracts mention USP17L15, the collection of studies instead details in‐depth the roles of the microtubule‐associated STOP proteins (also called MAP6) in neurons and other excitable cells. These proteins are essential for stabilizing microtubules—especially under conditions (like cold exposure) that would normally induce depolymerization—and ensuring proper cytoskeletal integrity during neuronal development and maintenance. In neurons, STOP/MAP6 promotes microtubule stability that supports synaptic organization and plasticity, critical for proper axonal transport and neurite outgrowth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond their role in microtubule stabilization, these proteins participate in dynamic processes that regulate synapse structure and function. For instance, post‐translational modifications—such as phosphorylation by CaMKII—trigger a shift in STOP/MAP6 from microtubules to synaptic compartments, where it interacts with actin. This redistribution appears to be crucial for efficient synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine maintenance. Studies in STOP null mice consistently show that the absence of STOP/MAP6 is associated with synaptic vesicle depletion, impaired long-term plasticity, memory deficits, and behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of schizophrenia. Such animal models have also highlighted alterations in neurotransmitter systems, including imbalances in dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and cholinergic signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional investigations have expanded the functional repertoire of STOP/MAP6 to include modulation of brain wiring, neurotransmitter synthesis, sleep and circadian regulation, and even muscle organization. For example, altered STOP/MAP6 expression affects axonal guidance and dendritic spine stabilization through interactions with guidance molecules and actin-binding determinants, while also influencing serotonergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic pathways that correlate with behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. These multifaceted roles not only underscore the importance of STOP/MAP6 in maintaining proper neuronal and even muscular function but also point to its potential involvement in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Annie Andrieux, Paul A Salin, Muriel Vernet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The suppression of brain cold-stable microtubules in mice induces synaptic defects associated with neuroleptic-sensitive behavioral disorders."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.223302"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.223302"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12231625"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12231625"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crystel Bonnet, Eric Denarier, Christophe Bosc, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interaction of STOP with neuronal tubulin is independent of polyglutamylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02294-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "02294-5) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12359221"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12359221"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mustapha Aguezzoul, Annie Andrieux, Eric Denarier "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overlap of promoter and coding sequences in the mouse STOP gene (Mtap6)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomics (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00053-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0888-7543(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00053-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12782132"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12782132"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rosa L Fradley, Gillian F O'Meara, Richard J Newman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STOP knockout and NMDA NR1 hypomorphic mice exhibit deficits in sensorimotor gating."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Behav Brain Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbr.2005.05.012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2005.05.012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16046005"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16046005"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julie Baratier, Leticia Peris, Jacques Brocard, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The deletion of STOP/MAP6 protein in mice triggers highly altered mood and impaired cognitive performances."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurochem (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07615.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07615.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22146001"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22146001"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christian Delphin, Denis Bouvier, Maxime Seggio, et al. 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