WASHC1 Gene

Name WASH complex subunit 1
Description Enables alpha-tubulin binding activity and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation; endosomal transport; and positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly. Located in several cellular components, including endosome; exocyst; and lamellipodium. Part of WASH complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nWASHC1 is a pivotal regulator of cytoplasmic membrane dynamics that functions by activating the Arp2/3 complex to drive actin polymerization on endosomal membranes. In these cellular locales, WASHC1 localizes to specialized endosomal subdomains where it interacts with retromer components and the multiprotein WASH regulatory complex – including FAM21 – to coordinate the sorting, recycling, and retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes such as receptors, integrins, and enzymes like MT1‐MMP. Through the generation of dynamic F‐actin structures, WASHC1 supports critical processes such as endosomal tubulation, vesicle scission, and even the formation of invadopodia in invasive tumor cells, as well as ensuring proper trafficking in response to both growth factor stimulation and cellular stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its well‐established cytoplasmic roles, emerging studies have revealed that WASHC1 also localizes to the nucleus where it performs noncanonical functions. Nuclear WASHC1 has been implicated in the regulation of gene transcription by modulating the activity and chromatin binding of key factors such as NF‐κB, and it influences the expression of genes required for proper immune cell function—including cytotoxicity in natural killer cells and the maintenance of innate lymphoid cell subsets. These findings, together with observations linking mutations in WASH complex components to neurological and developmental pathologies, point to a multifaceted role for WASHC1 that integrates actin‐dependent membrane trafficking with nuclear processes such as transcriptional regulation, chromatin organization, and potentially DNA repair."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Timothy S Gomez, Daniel D Billadeau "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A FAM21-containing WASH complex regulates retromer-dependent sorting."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.devcel.2009.09.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.09.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19922874"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19922874"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Steve N Duleh, Matthew D Welch "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WASH and the Arp2/3 complex regulate endosome shape and trafficking."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cm.20437"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cm.20437"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20175130"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20175130"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tobias Zech, Simon D J Calaminus, Patrick Caswell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Arp2/3 activator WASH regulates α5β1-integrin-mediated invasive migration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.080986"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.080986"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22114305"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22114305"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Da Jia, Timothy S Gomez, Daniel D Billadeau, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multiple repeat elements within the FAM21 tail link the WASH actin regulatory complex to the retromer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.E11-12-1059"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E11-12-1059"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22513087"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22513087"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pedro Monteiro, Carine Rossé, Antonio Castro-Castro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endosomal WASH and exocyst complexes control exocytosis of MT1-MMP at invadopodia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.201306162"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201306162"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24344185"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24344185"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alejandra Tomas, Simon O Vaughan, Thomas Burgoyne, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WASH and Tsg101/ALIX-dependent diversion of stress-internalized EGFR from the canonical endocytic pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms8324"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8324"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26066081"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26066081"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yi-Heng Hao, Michael D Fountain, Klementina Fon Tacer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "USP7 Acts as a Molecular Rheostat to Promote WASH-Dependent Endosomal Protein Recycling and Is Mutated in a Human Neurodevelopmental Disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.033"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.033"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26365382"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26365382"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhi-Hui Deng, Timothy S Gomez, Douglas G Osborne, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear FAM21 participates in NF-κB-dependent gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.161513"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.161513"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25431135"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25431135"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Huang, P Zhu, P Xia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WASH has a critical role in NK cell cytotoxicity through Lck-mediated phosphorylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cddis.2016.212"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.212"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27441653"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27441653"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthias Türk, Rolf Schröder, Katharina Khuller, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic analysis of VCP and WASH complex genes in a German cohort of sporadic ALS-FTD patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurobiol Aging (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28551275"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28551275"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pengyan Xia, Jing Liu, Shuo Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WASH maintains NKp46"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " ILC3 cells by promoting AHR expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms15685"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15685"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28589939"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28589939"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu Hong, He Sun, Xian Hong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WASHC1 interacts with MCM2-7 complex to promote cell survival under replication stress."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Rep (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11033-022-07650-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07650-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35733063"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35733063"}]}]}]}
NCBI Gene ID 100287171
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View WASHC1's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View WASHC1's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View WASHC1's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

WASHC1 has 922 functional associations with biological entities spanning 6 categories (functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 26 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for WASHC1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of WASHC1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations cell types associated with WASHC1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas gene perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies assemblies containing WASHC1 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing WASHC1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with WASHC1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with WASHC1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 biological processes involving WASHC1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 cellular components containing WASHC1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 molecular functions performed by WASHC1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx eQTL 2025 SNPs regulating expression of WASHC1 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 tissues with high or low expression of WASHC1 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset.
GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures tissue samples with high or low expression of WASHC1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of WASHC1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
KEGG Pathways 2026 pathways involving WASHC1 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.
MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training tissue samples with high or low expression of WASHC1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset.
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles drug perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 pathways involving WASHC1 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset.
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 transcription factors regulating expression of WASHC1 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of WASHC1 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of WASHC1 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with WASHC1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.