{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nDrebrin is a critical actin‐binding protein that orchestrates cytoskeletal dynamics in neurons. In the developing and mature brain, drebrin regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis, homeostatic synaptic plasticity, and receptor trafficking—processes essential for learning and memory. For example, its adult isoform (drebrin A) is required for the rapid redistribution of NMDA receptors within dendritic spines, and its phosphorylation by kinases such as Cdk5–p35 modulates growth cone dynamics and the radial migration of cortical neurons. Consequently, dysregulation or loss of drebrin has been linked to neurological impairments including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and deficits in fear learning and olfaction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its neuronal roles, drebrin is integral to cytoskeletal remodeling in diverse non‐neuronal cell types. It modulates actin organization to regulate key processes such as cell migration, axonal collateral branching, and membrane trafficking in contexts as varied as renal glomeruli function, immune cell degranulation, and myoblast differentiation. For instance, in immune cells, drebrin influences receptor endocytosis and adhesion mechanisms that temper inflammatory responses, whereas in fibroblasts and pericytes it directs cell shape changes critical for tissue morphogenesis and repair. Together, these findings underscore drebrin’s broad capacity to link extracellular signals with changes in the actin cytoskeleton, reinforcing its role as a central regulator of both normal cellular physiology and pathological processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chiho Kobayashi, Chiye Aoki, Nobuhiko Kojima, et al. 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