Circadian entrainment Gene Set

Dataset KEGG Pathways 2026
Category structural or functional annotations
Type pathway
Description Circadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhythms are synchronized to environmental cues. In mammals, a master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and may synchronize circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues. Light signal is the dominant synchronizer for master SCN clock. Downstream from the retina, glutamate and PACAP are released and trigger the activation of signal transduction cascades, including CamKII and nNOS activity, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of non-photic entrainment, important phase shifting capabilities have been found for melatonin, which inhibits light-induced phase shifts through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC). Multiple entrainment pathways converge into CREB regulation. In turn, phosphorylated CREB activates clock gene expression. (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, hsa04713)
External Link https://www.kegg.jp/entry/hsa04713
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95 proteins participating in the Circadian entrainment pathway from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.

Symbol Name
ADCY1 adenylate cyclase 1 (brain)
ADCY10 adenylate cyclase 10 (soluble)
ADCY2 adenylate cyclase 2 (brain)
ADCY4 adenylate cyclase 4
ADCY5 adenylate cyclase 5
ADCY6 adenylate cyclase 6
ADCY7 adenylate cyclase 7
ADCY8 adenylate cyclase 8 (brain)
ADCY9 adenylate cyclase 9
ADCYAP1 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)
ADCYAP1R1 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) receptor type I
CACNA1C calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit
CACNA1D calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit
CACNA1G calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1G subunit
CACNA1H calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit
CALM1 calmodulin 1 (phosphorylase kinase, delta)
CALM2 calmodulin 2 (phosphorylase kinase, delta)
CALM3 calmodulin 3 (phosphorylase kinase, delta)
CALML3 calmodulin-like 3
CALML4 calmodulin-like 4
CALML5 calmodulin-like 5
CALML6 calmodulin-like 6
CAMK2A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha
CAMK2B calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta
CAMK2D calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta
CAMK2G calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma
CREB1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1
ENTHD1 ENTH domain containing 1
FOS FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog
GNAI1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 1
GNAI2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2
GNAI3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3
GNAO1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O
GNAQ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), q polypeptide
GNAS GNAS complex locus
GNB1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1
GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2
GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3
GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4
GNB5 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta 5
GNG10 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 10
GNG11 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 11
GNG12 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 12
GNG13 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13
GNG2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2
GNG3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 3
GNG4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4
GNG5 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 5
GNG7 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 7
GNG8 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 8
GNGT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1
GNGT2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2
GPRIN1 G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1
GRIA1 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1
GRIA2 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2
GRIA3 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 3
GRIA4 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 4
GRIN2A glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A
GRIN2B glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B
GRIN2C glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C
GRIN2D glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2D
GUCY1A1 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1
GUCY1A2 guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 2
GUCY1B1 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1
ITPR1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1
ITPR3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3
KCNJ3 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 3
KCNJ5 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 5
KCNJ6 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 6
KCNJ9 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 9
MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
MTNR1A melatonin receptor 1A
MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B
NANOS1 nanos homolog 1 (Drosophila)
NOS1AP nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein
PER1 period circadian clock 1
PER2 period circadian clock 2
PER3 period circadian clock 3
PLCB1 phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)
PLCB2 phospholipase C, beta 2
PLCB3 phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)
PLCB4 phospholipase C, beta 4
PRKACB protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta
PRKACG protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, gamma
PRKCA protein kinase C, alpha
PRKCB protein kinase C, beta
PRKCG protein kinase C, gamma
PRKG1 protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type I
PRKG2 protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type II
RASD1 RAS, dexamethasone-induced 1
RPS6KA5 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 5
RYR1 ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)
RYR2 ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)
RYR3 ryanodine receptor 3