Morphine addiction Gene Set

Dataset KEGG Pathways 2026
Category structural or functional annotations
Type pathway
Description Morphine is an alkaloid from the plant extracts of opium poppy. Although morphine is highly effective for the treatment of pain, it is also known to be intensely addictive. We now know that the most important brain-reward circuit involves dopamine (DA) -containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and their target areas in the limbic forebrain, in particular, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and frontal regions of cerebral cortex. Morphine can cause indirect excitation of VTA dopamine neurons by reducing inhibitory synaptic transmission mediated by GABAergic neurons. The chronic use of morphine is characterized by adaptive changes in neurons and neuronal communication; such adaptations (e.g., 'superactivation' of adenylyl cyclase) must underlie altered behaviour associated with morphine dependence and withdrawal syndrome, as well as drug-induced craving and relapse to drug use. (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, hsa05032)
External Link https://www.kegg.jp/entry/hsa05032
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Genes

89 proteins participating in the Morphine addiction pathway from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.

Symbol Name
ADCY1 adenylate cyclase 1 (brain)
ADCY2 adenylate cyclase 2 (brain)
ADCY4 adenylate cyclase 4
ADCY5 adenylate cyclase 5
ADCY6 adenylate cyclase 6
ADCY7 adenylate cyclase 7
ADCY8 adenylate cyclase 8 (brain)
ADCY9 adenylate cyclase 9
ADORA1 adenosine A1 receptor
ARRB1 arrestin, beta 1
ARRB2 arrestin, beta 2
CACNA1A calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit
CACNA1B calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit
DRD1 dopamine receptor D1
GABBR1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1
GABBR2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 2
GABRA1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1
GABRA2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 2
GABRA3 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 3
GABRA4 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 4
GABRA5 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5
GABRA6 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 6
GABRB1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 1
GABRB2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2
GABRB3 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 3
GABRD gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, delta
GABRE gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, epsilon
GABRG1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 1
GABRG2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 2
GABRG3 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 3
GABRP gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, pi
GABRQ gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, theta
GABRR1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 1
GABRR2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 2
GABRR3 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 3 (gene/pseudogene)
GNAI1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 1
GNAI2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2
GNAI3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3
GNAO1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O
GNAS GNAS complex locus
GNB1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1
GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2
GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3
GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4
GNB5 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta 5
GNG10 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 10
GNG11 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 11
GNG12 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 12
GNG13 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13
GNG2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2
GNG3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 3
GNG4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4
GNG5 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 5
GNG7 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 7
GNG8 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 8
GNGT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1
GNGT2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2
GRK2 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2
GRK3 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3
GRK4 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4
GRK5 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5
GRK6 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6
KCNJ3 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 3
KCNJ5 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 5
KCNJ6 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 6
KCNJ9 potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 9
OPRM1 opioid receptor, mu 1
PDE10A phosphodiesterase 10A
PDE11A phosphodiesterase 11A
PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent
PDE1B phosphodiesterase 1B, calmodulin-dependent
PDE1C phosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent 70kDa
PDE2A phosphodiesterase 2A, cGMP-stimulated
PDE3A phosphodiesterase 3A, cGMP-inhibited
PDE3B phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited
PDE4A phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP-specific
PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP-specific
PDE4C phosphodiesterase 4C, cAMP-specific
PDE4D phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific
PDE7A phosphodiesterase 7A
PDE7B phosphodiesterase 7B
PDE8A phosphodiesterase 8A
PDE8B phosphodiesterase 8B
PRKACB protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta
PRKACG protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, gamma
PRKCA protein kinase C, alpha
PRKCB protein kinase C, beta
PRKCG protein kinase C, gamma
SLC32A1 solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1