Thyroid hormone signaling pathway Gene Set

Dataset KEGG Pathways 2026
Category structural or functional annotations
Type pathway
Description The thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development and metabolism. The action of TH is mainly mediated by T3 (3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine). Thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine (T4) and T3 enter the cell through transporter proteins. Although the major form of TH in the blood is T4, it is converted to the more active hormone T3 within cells. T3 binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor and controls the expression of target genes (genomic action). Nongenomic mechanisms of action is initiated at the integrin receptor. The plasma membrane alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin has distinct binding sites for T3 and T4. One binding site binds only T3 and activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The other binding site binds both T3 and T4 and activates the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway. (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, hsa04919)
External Link https://www.kegg.jp/entry/hsa04919
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119 proteins participating in the Thyroid hormone signaling pathway pathway from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.

Symbol Name
ACTG1 actin gamma 1
AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1
AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2
AKT3 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3
ATP1A2 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide
ATP1A3 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide
ATP1A4 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 4 polypeptide
ATP1B1 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide
ATP1B2 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide
ATP1B3 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 3 polypeptide
ATP1B4 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
ATP2A1 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, fast twitch 1
ATP2A2 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2
ATP2A3 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous
BAD BCL2-associated agonist of cell death
BMP4 bone morphogenetic protein 4
CASP9 caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
CCND1 cyclin D1
CLSTN1 calsyntenin 1
CREBBP CREB binding protein
CTNNB1 catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa
DIDO1 death inducer-obliterator 1
DIO2 deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II
DIO3 deiodinase, iodothyronine, type III
EP300 E1A binding protein p300
ESR1 estrogen receptor 1
FOXO1 forkhead box O1
FXYD2 FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2
GATA4 GATA binding protein 4
GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HDAC1 histone deacetylase 1
HDAC2 histone deacetylase 2
HDAC3 histone deacetylase 3
HIF1A hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)
HRAS Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
ITGAV integrin, alpha V
ITGB3 integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)
KAT2A K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2A
KAT2B K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B
LNCEGFL7OS lncRNA EGFL7 opposite strand
MAP2K1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
MAP2K2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2
MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
MBD4 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 4
MDM2 MDM2 proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
MED12 mediator complex subunit 12
MED12L mediator complex subunit 12-like
MED13 mediator complex subunit 13
MED13L mediator complex subunit 13-like
MED14 mediator complex subunit 14
MED16 mediator complex subunit 16
MED17 mediator complex subunit 17
MED24 mediator complex subunit 24
MED27 mediator complex subunit 27
MED30 mediator complex subunit 30
MED4 mediator complex subunit 4
MTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase)
MYC v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog
MYH6 myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha
MYH7 myosin, heavy chain 7, cardiac muscle, beta
NCOA1 nuclear receptor coactivator 1
NCOA2 nuclear receptor coactivator 2
NCOA3 nuclear receptor coactivator 3
NCOR1 nuclear receptor corepressor 1
NOTCH1 notch 1
NOTCH2 notch 2
NOTCH3 notch 3
NOTCH4 notch 4
NRAS neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog
PDPK1 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1
PFKFB2 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2
PFKL phosphofructokinase, liver
PFKM phosphofructokinase, muscle
PFKP phosphofructokinase, platelet
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha
PIK3CB phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha)
PIK3R2 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta)
PIK3R3 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3 (gamma)
PLCB1 phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)
PLCB2 phospholipase C, beta 2
PLCB3 phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)
PLCB4 phospholipase C, beta 4
PLCD1 phospholipase C, delta 1
PLCD3 phospholipase C, delta 3
PLCD4 phospholipase C, delta 4
PLCE1 phospholipase C, epsilon 1
PLCG1 phospholipase C, gamma 1
PLCG2 phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)
PLCZ1 phospholipase C, zeta 1
PLN phospholamban
POTEF POTE ankyrin domain family, member F
PRKACB protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta
PRKACG protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, gamma
PRKCA protein kinase C, alpha
PRKCB protein kinase C, beta
PRKCG protein kinase C, gamma
RCAN1 regulator of calcineurin 1
RCAN2 regulator of calcineurin 2
RHEB Ras homolog enriched in brain
RNASE3 ribonuclease, RNase A family, 3
RXRA retinoid X receptor, alpha
RXRB retinoid X receptor, beta
RXRG retinoid X receptor, gamma
SIN3A SIN3 transcription regulator family member A
SLC16A10 solute carrier family 16 (aromatic amino acid transporter), member 10
SLC16A2 solute carrier family 16, member 2 (thyroid hormone transporter)
SLC2A1 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1
SLC9A1 solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE1, cation proton antiporter 1), member 1
SLCO1C1 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1C1
SRC SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase
STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa
TBC1D4 TBC1 domain family, member 4
THRA thyroid hormone receptor, alpha
THRB thyroid hormone receptor, beta
TP53 tumor protein p53
TSC2 tuberous sclerosis 2
WNT4 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4