any structural anomaly of any of the four paired muscles that originate outside of and insert into the tongue and act to alter the position of the tongue, allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement; these muscles include the genioglossus, the hyoglossus (often including the chondroglossus), the styloglossus, and the palatoglossus (Medical Subject Headings)
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1 gene mutations causing the abnormal extrinsic tongue muscle morphology phenotype in transgenic mice from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset.
