ABCG2 Gene

HGNC Family	ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC), CD molecules (CD)
Name	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 2 (Junior blood group)
Description	The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. Alternatively referred to as a breast cancer resistance protein, this protein functions as a xenobiotic transporter which may play a major role in multi-drug resistance. It likely serves as a cellular defense mechanism in response to mitoxantrone and anthracycline exposure. Significant expression of this protein has been observed in the placenta, which may suggest a potential role for this molecule in placenta tissue. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), also known as the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), functions as a drug efflux pump that mediates the export of a diverse array of xenobiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, thereby contributing to multidrug resistance in cancer cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " As a half-transporter that must oligomerize (most often as a homodimer) to attain full transport activity, ABCG2 handles substrates including mitoxantrone, camptothecins, anthracyclines, methotrexate, and several others—its substrate specificity being modulated by naturally occurring mutations and polymorphisms (see also."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to its critical role in drug resistance in tumor cells, ABCG2 is physiologically expressed at strategic barrier sites—such as the placenta, intestinal bile canaliculi, and the blood–brain barrier—where it limits the uptake of potentially harmful xenobiotics."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, ABCG2 contributes to the transport of endogenous substrates including urate and porphyrins; defective ABCG2 function has been linked to increased serum uric acid levels and the development of gout."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its expression is also a hallmark of various stem cell populations—manifesting in the “side population” phenotype of both normal hematopoietic and cancer stem cells—and is associated with the maintenance of stem cell properties in tissues as diverse as the hematopoietic compartment and the limbal epithelium."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Recent cryo–electron microscopy studies have elucidated the structural basis of substrate recognition by revealing cholesterol and phospholipid interactions within the inward-facing transmembrane cavity of ABCG2, thereby providing insights that foster the development of novel inhibitors to counteract chemoresistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings underscore the multifaceted roles of ABCG2 in mediating drug efflux, protecting tissues from toxic exposures, and maintaining stem cell phenotypes—highlighting its promise as a therapeutic target both in the context of overcoming multidrug resistance and in managing disorders such as gout"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "–."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Austin Doyle, Douglas D Ross "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multidrug resistance mediated by the breast cancer resistance protein BCRP (ABCG2)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.onc.1206938"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206938"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14576842"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14576842"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lubna Patrawala, Tammy Calhoun, Robin Schneider-Broussard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Side population is enriched in tumorigenic, stem-like cancer cells, whereas ABCG2+ and ABCG2- cancer cells are similarly tumorigenic."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0592"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0592"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16024622"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16024622"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Johan W Jonker, Marije Buitelaar, Els Wagenaar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The breast cancer resistance protein protects against a major chlorophyll-derived dietary phototoxin and protoporphyria."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.202607599"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.202607599"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12429862"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12429862"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Kim, Heth Turnquist, John Jackson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The multidrug resistance transporter ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein 1) effluxes Hoechst 33342 and is overexpressed in hematopoietic stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11801536"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801536"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Herman Burger, John A Foekens, Maxime P Look, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNA expression of breast cancer resistance protein, lung resistance-related protein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2, and multidrug resistance gene 1 in breast cancer: correlation with chemotherapeutic response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12576456"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12576456"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J E Keskitalo, O Zolk, M F Fromm, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ABCG2 polymorphism markedly affects the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Pharmacol Ther (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/clpt.2009.79"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2009.79"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19474787"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19474787"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hirotaka Matsuo, Tappei Takada, Kimiyoshi Ichida, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Common defects of ABCG2, a high-capacity urate exporter, cause gout: a function-based genetic analysis in a Japanese population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Transl Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/scitranslmed.3000237"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3000237"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20368174"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20368174"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anne-Marie Bleau, Dolores Hambardzumyan, Tatsuya Ozawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the side population phenotype and ABCG2 activity in glioma tumor stem-like cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Stem Cell (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19265662"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19265662"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Owen M Woodward, Anna Köttgen, Josef Coresh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0901249106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901249106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19506252"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19506252"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elaine Lai-Han Leung, Ronald R Fiscus, James W Tung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing CD44 are enriched for stem cell-like properties."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0014062"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014062"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21124918"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21124918"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Krishnamurthy, J D Schuetz "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of ABCG2/BCRP in biology and medicine."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141238"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141238"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16402910"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16402910"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cintia S de Paiva, Zhuo Chen, Rosa M Corrales, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ABCG2 transporter identifies a population of clonogenic human limbal epithelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cells (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1634/stemcells.2004-0093"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1634/stemcells.2004-0093"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15625123"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15625123"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Scott M Jackson, Ioannis Manolaridis, Julia Kowal, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural basis of small-molecule inhibition of human multidrug transporter ABCG2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Struct Mol Biol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41594-018-0049-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-018-0049-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29610494"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29610494"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	BCRP, GOUT1, BMDP, ABC15, UAQTL1, MXR-1, CDW338, MXR, ABCP, EST157481, MXR1, CD338
Proteins	ABCG2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	9429
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ABCG2 has 13,875 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 134 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ABCG2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ABCG2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ABCG2 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ABCG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ABCG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ABCG2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ABCG2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ABCG2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ABCG2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ABCG2 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with ABCG2 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ABCG2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ABCG2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ABCG2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ABCG2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ABCG2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ABCG2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing ABCG2 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ABCG2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ABCG2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ABCG2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with ABCG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ABCG2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving ABCG2 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with ABCG2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ABCG2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ABCG2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ABCG2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ABCG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ABCG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for ABCG2 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ABCG2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ABCG2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.