ACTRT2 Gene

Name actin-related protein T2
Description The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the actin family. Studies have shown that this protein may be involved in cytoskeletal organization similar to other cytoplasmic actin-related protein (ARP) subfamily members. Antibody raised against the human protein has been used to detect the protein by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, demonstrating its specific synthesis in the testis, late in spermatid differentiation, and its localization in the calyx. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Actin-related protein T2 (ACTRT2) is a testis‐specific cytoskeletal protein that plays a critical role in spermatid differentiation and the proper structural organization of mature spermatozoa. Initial studies identified ACTRT2 as a novel member of the actin‐related protein family that is synthesized in the testis late in spermatid differentiation and localized to the calyx—a unique, perinuclear cytoskeletal component of the sperm head—suggesting that its function may extend beyond canonical actin filament nucleation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In clinical and experimental models, decreased expression of ACTRT2 has been associated with compromised sperm motility; for example, diminished ACTRT2 levels were observed in obesity-associated asthenozoospermia, implicating its deficiency in the reduction of sperm quality."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, transient scrotal hyperthermia resulted in the downregulation of ACTRT2, correlating with reversible decreases in sperm concentration and motility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Together, these findings indicate that ACTRT2 is integral to maintaining the cytoskeletal integrity and functional competence of spermatozoa and suggest that alterations in its expression may serve as a biomarker for certain forms of male infertility.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hans Heid, Ulrike Figge, Stefanie Winter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel actin-related proteins Arp-T1 and Arp-T2 as components of the cytoskeletal calyx of the mammalian sperm head."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/excr.2002.5603"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.2002.5603"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12243744"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12243744"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Harata, K Nishimori, S Hatta "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of two cDNAs for human actin-related proteins (Arps) that have remarkable similarity to conventional actin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00315-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(01"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00315-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11750065"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11750065"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Y Liu, Y Guo, N Song, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteomic pattern changes associated with obesity-induced asthenozoospermia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andrology (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/andr.289"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.289"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25293813"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25293813"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan-Qing Wu, Meng Rao, Shi-Fu Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on human sperm: an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reprod Biol Endocrinol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12958-020-00640-w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00640-w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32787870"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32787870"}]}]}]}
Synonyms ARPT2, HARPM2, ARP-T2, ARPM2
Proteins ACTT2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 140625
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View ACTRT2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View ACTRT2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View ACTRT2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

ACTRT2 has 1,412 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 61 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ACTRT2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ACTRT2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of ACTRT2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 transcription factors binding the promoter of ACTRT2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing ACTRT2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with ACTRT2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with ACTRT2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with ACTRT2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by ACTRT2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases associated with ACTRT2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with ACTRT2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with ACTRT2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ACTRT2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ACTRT2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of ACTRT2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ACTRT2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with ACTRT2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 cellular components containing ACTRT2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 cellular components containing ACTRT2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset.
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 phenotypes associated with ACTRT2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of ACTRT2 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for ACTRT2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of ACTRT2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of ACTRT2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of ACTRT2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations cellular components containing ACTRT2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain ACTRT2 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets microRNAs targeting ACTRT2 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of ACTRT2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
NURSA Protein Complexes protein complexs containing ACTRT2 protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of ACTRT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ACTRT2 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 transcription factors regulating expression of ACTRT2 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of ACTRT2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of ACTRT2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of ACTRT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of ACTRT2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of ACTRT2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of ACTRT2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with ACTRT2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.