ADARB1 Gene

Name	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1
Description	This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rat found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n ADARB1, which encodes the ADAR2 enzyme, plays a critical role in catalyzing adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) RNA editing in double‐stranded RNA substrates. Its catalytic domain, together with distinct double‐stranded RNA–binding regions, confers substrate specificity via mechanisms such as base flipping and nearest‐neighbor recognition, as revealed by detailed biochemical and structural studies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to editing coding transcripts – for example, recoding neurotransmitter receptor subunit mRNAs essential for proper neuronal function – ADARB1-mediated editing alters noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, thereby impacting their biogenesis, target specificity, and downstream regulatory networks. In the nucleolus, ADAR2 is responsible for modifying select miRNA precursors, and changes in editing of miRNA seed regions have been linked to shifts in targetomes under stress or hypoxic conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In disease contexts, ADARB1 activity has been shown to exert tumor‐suppressive effects. For instance, in glioblastoma, editing of miR-589–3p by ADARB1 shifts its targeting away from tumor-promoting transcripts, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ADARB1-mediated editing of IGFBP7 mRNA promotes protein stabilization and triggers apoptotic pathways, suggesting a role in tumor growth suppression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its roles in cancer and neuronal regulation, ADARB1 is involved in metabolic signaling; its expression and editing activity in pancreatic islets respond dynamically to nutritional and energy status, which may influence beta-cell function and insulin secretion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Functional conservation is underscored by studies in Drosophila, where human ADAR2 (ADARB1) efficiently rescues locomotion and neurodegeneration phenotypes associated with loss of the fly Adar gene, highlighting its evolutionary preserved functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, novel insights into ADARB1 regulation have emerged from the identification of alternatively spliced isoforms with extended N-terminal regions harboring additional RNA-binding motifs, which display tissue-specific expression patterns (e.g., enriched in the cerebellum) and may further diversify the enzyme’s substrate repertoire."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, editing activity mediated by ADARB1 may be modulated by auxiliary factors such as helicases (e.g., DHX9), which can bidirectionally influence editing levels on ADAR2-specific substrates, thereby contributing to the complex regulation of the editome in various cellular contexts, including cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julie M Eggington, Tom Greene, Brenda L Bass "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Predicting sites of ADAR editing in double-stranded RNA."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms1324"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1324"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21587236"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21587236"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Melissa M Matthews, Justin M Thomas, Yuxuan Zheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structures of human ADAR2 bound to dsRNA reveal base-flipping mechanism and basis for site selectivity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Struct Mol Biol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nsmb.3203"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3203"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27065196"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27065196"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Justin M Thomas, Peter A Beal "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "How do ADARs bind RNA? New protein-RNA structures illuminate substrate recognition by the RNA editing ADARs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioessays (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/bies.201600187"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201600187"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28217931"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28217931"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Patrice Vitali, Eugenia Basyuk, Elodie Le Meur, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ADAR2-mediated editing of RNA substrates in the nucleolus is inhibited by C/D small nucleolar RNAs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200411129"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200411129"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15939761"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15939761"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cornelia Vesely, Stefanie Tauber, Fritz J Sedlazeck, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ADAR2 induces reproducible changes in sequence and abundance of mature microRNAs in the mouse brain."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gku844"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku844"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25260591"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25260591"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Giovanni Nigita, Mario Acunzo, Giulia Romano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "microRNA editing in seed region aligns with cellular changes in hypoxic conditions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkw532"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw532"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27298257"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27298257"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Valeriana Cesarini, Domenico A Silvestris, Valentina Tassinari, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ADAR2/miR-589-3p axis controls glioblastoma cell migration/invasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkx1257"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1257"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29267965"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29267965"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuan-Bin Chen, Xiao-Yu Liao, Jiang-Bo Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ADAR2 functions as a tumor suppressor via editing IGFBP7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2016.3823"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3823"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28035363"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28035363"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhenji Gan, Liyun Zhao, Liu Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNA editing by ADAR2 is metabolically regulated in pancreatic islets and beta-cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M604484200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M604484200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16956888"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16956888"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liam P Keegan, Leeane McGurk, Juan Pablo Palavicini, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional conservation in human and Drosophila of Metazoan ADAR2 involved in RNA editing: loss of ADAR1 in insects."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkr423"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr423"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21622951"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21622951"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stefan Maas, Willemijn M Gommans "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel exon of mammalian ADAR2 extends open reading frame."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0004225"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004225"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19156214"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19156214"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HuiQi Hong, Omer An, Tim H M Chan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bidirectional regulation of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by DEAH box helicase 9 (DHX9) in cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gky396"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky396"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29796672"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796672"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ADAR2, DRABA2, DRADA2, RED1
Proteins	RED1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	104
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ADARB1 has 7,143 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 115 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ADARB1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ADARB1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ADARB1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ADARB1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ADARB1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ADARB1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ADARB1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ADARB1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ADARB1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ADARB1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ADARB1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ADARB1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ADARB1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ADARB1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ADARB1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of ADARB1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ADARB1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ADARB1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ADARB1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ADARB1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ADARB1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ADARB1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ADARB1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ADARB1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ADARB1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.