AKT2 Gene

HGNC Family	Pleckstrin homology domain containing (PLEKH)
Name	v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2
Description	This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases containing SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains, which is involved in signaling pathways. The gene serves as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of cancer cells For example, its overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phophorylating several known proteins, and has also been implicated in insulin signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2019]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Akt2 functions as a key mediator linking metabolic homeostasis and cellular growth to both normal physiology and disease. Studies using mouse genetics have shown that loss of Akt2 (often in combination with Akt1) impairs somatic growth, disrupts adipocyte differentiation, and causes defects in energy metabolism, which underscores its critical role in mediating insulin‐dependent signals during development and adipogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the metabolic arena, Akt2 is essential for normal insulin signaling. Its activity in the liver is required to promote glucose uptake and lipogenesis, in part by restoring metabolic flux in mTORC2‐deficient hepatocytes and by phosphorylating targets such as SIK2 to help suppress gluconeogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In muscle and other insulin‐responsive tissues, diminished Akt2 phosphorylation correlates with insulin resistance, and in humans, a mutation in the AKT2 gene disrupts insulin signaling, leading to severe insulin resistance and diabetes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cancer, Akt2 has been implicated in promoting tumor progression; overexpression of Akt2 enhances cell adhesion, migration, and invasion—in part via up‐regulation of β1 integrin expression—and contributes to metastasis, while isoform‐specific regulation can influence epithelial–mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, Akt2 activity is finely tuned by phosphatases such as PHLPP that selectively dephosphorylate its hydrophobic motif, ensuring proper signal termination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in immune cells, Akt2 influences macrophage polarization; its ablation shifts macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, thereby altering inflammatory responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiao-Ding Peng, Pei-Zhang Xu, Mei-Ling Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dwarfism, impaired skin development, skeletal muscle atrophy, delayed bone development, and impeded adipogenesis in mice lacking Akt1 and Akt2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.1089403"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1089403"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12782654"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12782654"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Robert S Garofalo, Stephen J Orena, Kristina Rafidi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2/PKB beta."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI16885"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI16885"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12843127"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12843127"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elise Jeffery, Christopher D Church, Brandon Holtrup, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rapid depot-specific activation of adipocyte precursor cells at the onset of obesity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb3122"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3122"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25730471"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25730471"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jessica L Yecies, Hui H Zhang, Suchithra Menon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akt stimulates hepatic SREBP1c and lipogenesis through parallel mTORC1-dependent and independent pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Metab (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21723501"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21723501"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Renaud Dentin, Yi Liu, Seung-Hoi Koo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Insulin modulates gluconeogenesis by inhibition of the coactivator TORC2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature06128"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06128"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17805301"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17805301"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mingjian Lu, Min Wan, Karla F Leavens, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Insulin regulates liver metabolism in vivo in the absence of hepatic Akt and Foxo1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm.2686"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2686"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22344295"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22344295"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stella George, Justin J Rochford, Christian Wolfrum, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1096706"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1096706"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15166380"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15166380"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julia Szendroedi, Toru Yoshimura, Esther Phielix, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of diacylglycerol activation of PKCθ in lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance in humans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1409229111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409229111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24979806"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24979806"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Jane Arboleda, John F Lyons, Fairooz F Kabbinavar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of AKT2/protein kinase Bbeta leads to up-regulation of beta1 integrins, increased invasion, and metastasis of human breast and ovarian cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12517798"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12517798"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hanna Y Irie, Rachel V Pearline, Dorre Grueneberg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Distinct roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in regulating cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200505087"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200505087"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16365168"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16365168"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John Brognard, Emma Sierecki, Tianyan Gao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PHLPP and a second isoform, PHLPP2, differentially attenuate the amplitude of Akt signaling by regulating distinct Akt isoforms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2007.02.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2007.02.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17386267"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17386267"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alicia Arranz, Christina Doxaki, Eleni Vergadi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akt1 and Akt2 protein kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1119038109"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119038109"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22647600"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22647600"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	HIHGHH, PKBB, PRKBB, RAC-BETA, PKBBETA
Proteins	AKT2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	208
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

AKT2 has 11,204 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 132 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for AKT2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

AKT2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by AKT2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of AKT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of AKT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with AKT2 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with AKT2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with AKT2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of AKT2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of AKT2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of AKT2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with AKT2 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of AKT2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing AKT2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing AKT2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with AKT2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with AKT2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing AKT2 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of AKT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with AKT2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with AKT2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with AKT2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of AKT2 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by AKT2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases	phosphatases that dephosphorylate AKT2 protein from the curated DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving AKT2 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving AKT2 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with AKT2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with AKT2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with AKT2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with AKT2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for AKT2 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at AKT2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of AKT2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.