ALDH3A1 Gene

HGNC Family	Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH)
Name	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1
Description	Aldehyde dehydrogenases oxidize various aldehydes to the corresponding acids. They are involved in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde and in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. The enzyme encoded by this gene forms a cytoplasmic homodimer that preferentially oxidizes aromatic and medium-chain (6 carbons or more) saturated and unsaturated aldehyde substrates. It is thought to promote resistance to UV and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced oxidative damage in the cornea. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) is a multifunctional, NAD(P)+‐dependent enzyme that plays a critical role in cellular defense against oxidative stress in diverse tissues. In the ocular environment, ALDH3A1 is highly expressed in corneal epithelial cells, where it detoxifies reactive medium‐chain aldehydes generated during lipid peroxidation (including 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal), thereby protecting against protein adduct formation, UV‐induced damage, and cataract formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to its well‐established metabolic role, ALDH3A1 has been shown to negatively regulate cell cycle progression in corneal epithelial cells, a function that likely contributes further to its protective capacity by reducing replication‐associated stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond the eye, ALDH3A1 contributes to cytoprotection in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract, thereby enhancing cell survival under oxidative stress conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, targeted pharmacologic approaches that recruit ALDH3A1 have been described as strategies to transiently enhance the metabolism of toxic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, providing potential therapeutic benefits in conditions of ALDH2 deficiency."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cancer, elevated levels of ALDH3A1 have been detected in exosomes derived from irradiated lung cancer cells, where the enzyme is implicated in metabolic reprogramming (i.e., enhanced glycolytic activity) and increased cell motility, correlating with poor patient prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, genetic polymorphisms in ALDH3A1 have been associated with an increased risk of treatment‐related toxicities, highlighting its relevance in pharmacogenetic settings"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its altered expression has also surfaced in gene networks linked to cataract formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natalie Lassen, J Bronwyn Bateman, Tia Estey, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multiple and additive functions of ALDH3A1 and ALDH1A1: cataract phenotype and ocular oxidative damage in Aldh3a1(-/-)/Aldh1a1(-/-) knock-out mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M702076200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M702076200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17567582"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17567582"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aglaia Pappa, Tia Estey, Rizwan Manzer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1): biochemical characterization and immunohistochemical localization in the cornea."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem J (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BJ20030810"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20030810"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12943535"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12943535"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aglaia Pappa, Chunhe Chen, Yiannis Koutalos, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aldh3a1 protects human corneal epithelial cells from ultraviolet- and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced oxidative damage."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Free Radic Biol Med (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00070-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00070-4) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12706498"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12706498"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "William Black, Ying Chen, Akiko Matsumoto, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular mechanisms of ALDH3A1-mediated cellular protection against 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Free Radic Biol Med (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.050"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.050"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22406320"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22406320"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aglaia Pappa, Donald Brown, Yiannis Koutalos, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 inhibits proliferation and promotes survival of human corneal epithelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M503698200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M503698200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15905174"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15905174"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jun-Ho Jang, Shannon Bruse, Yushi Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 protects airway epithelial cells from cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Free Radic Biol Med (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24316006"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24316006"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Che-Hong Chen, Leslie A Cruz, Daria Mochly-Rosen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacological recruitment of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) to assist ALDH2 in acetaldehyde and ethanol metabolism in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1414657112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414657112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25713355"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25713355"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chen Wang, Jinping Xu, Dexiao Yuan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exosomes carrying ALDOA and ALDH3A1 from irradiated lung cancer cells enhance migration and invasion of recipients by accelerating glycolysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biochem (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11010-020-03729-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03729-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32297178"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32297178"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Corine Ekhart, Sjoerd Rodenhuis, Paul H M Smits, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Relations between polymorphisms in drug-metabolising enzymes and toxicity of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenet Genomics (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/FPC.0b013e328313aaa4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0b013e328313aaa4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18854779"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18854779"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Smriti A Agrawal, Deepti Anand, Archana D Siddam, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Compound mouse mutants of bZIP transcription factors Mafg and Mafk reveal a regulatory network of non-crystallin genes associated with cataract."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genet (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00439-015-1554-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-015-1554-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25896808"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25896808"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ALDH3, ALDHIII
Proteins	AL3A1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	218
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ALDH3A1 has 10,325 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 121 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ALDH3A1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ALDH3A1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ALDH3A1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ALDH3A1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ALDH3A1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ALDH3A1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ALDH3A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ALDH3A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of ALDH3A1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ALDH3A1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ALDH3A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ALDH3A1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ALDH3A1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ALDH3A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ALDH3A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ALDH3A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ALDH3A1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ALDH3A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ALDH3A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ALDH3A1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for ALDH3A1 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ALDH3A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ALDH3A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ALDH3A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ALDH3A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for ALDH3A1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ALDH3A1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ALDH3A1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ALDH3A1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ALDH3A1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ALDH3A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.