ARHGDIB Gene

HGNC Family	Minor histocompatibility antigens, Endogenous ligands
Name	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta
Description	Members of the Rho (or ARH) protein family (see MIM 165390) and other Ras-related small GTP-binding proteins (see MIM 179520) are involved in diverse cellular events, including cell signaling, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and secretion. The GTP-binding proteins are active only in the GTP-bound state. At least 3 classes of proteins tightly regulate cycling between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound states: GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), guanine nucleotide-releasing factors (GRFs), and GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). The GDIs, including ARHGDIB, decrease the rate of GDP dissociation from Ras-like GTPases (summary by Scherle et al., 1993 [PubMed 8356058]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n ARHGDIB (also known as RhoGDI2 or Ly‐GDI) is a multifunctional regulator of Rho family GTPases that plays context‐dependent roles in cell signaling, migration, and metastasis. In several studies, its expression is shown to modulate the cycling, localization, and activation of proteins such as Rac1 and other Rho GTPases, thereby influencing cytoskeletal organization and cell motility. For example, in ovarian cancer cells, ARHGDIB undergoes hypermethylation leading to its transcriptional silencing, a modification correlated with the acquisition of cisplatin resistance, suggesting that its loss may contribute to chemoresistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In bladder cancer, ARHGDIB has been extensively studied as a metastasis suppressor. Reduced expression in tumor specimens correlates with increased invasion and poorer patient prognosis, whereas re-expression of ARHGDIB results in decreased metastatic potential and prolonged disease‐free survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, in gastric cancer models ARHGDIB expression appears to enhance tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, underscoring that its functional outcome may be tissue‐specific."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Additional mechanisms regulating ARHGDIB function include upstream signaling events. For instance, studies have shown that suppression of ARHGDIB by rictor promotes Rho protein activity and cell migration independent of mTOR complex functions, while stabilization of ARHGDIB by XIAP signaling enhances invasive behavior in bladder cancer cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In lymphocytes, ARHGDIB interacts with proteins such as Vav1 to fine‐tune T cell receptor signaling and modulate immune responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that ARHGDIB serves as a key modulator of Rho GTPase signaling, affecting cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in a context‐dependent manner that may either suppress or promote metastatic progression. Its differential expression—as regulated by epigenetic modifications and upstream effectors—suggests that ARHGDIB is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in diverse cancers.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C Zeller, W Dai, N L Steele, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Candidate DNA methylation drivers of acquired cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer identified by methylome and expression profiling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2011.611"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.611"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22249249"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22249249"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dan Theodorescu, L M Sapinoso, M R Conaway, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reduced expression of metastasis suppressor RhoGDI2 is associated with decreased survival for patients with bladder cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0653"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0653"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15173088"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15173088"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neveen Said, Marta Sanchez-Carbayo, Steven C Smith, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RhoGDI2 suppresses lung metastasis in mice by reducing tumor versican expression and macrophage infiltration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI61392"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI61392"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22406535"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22406535"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Y Wu, K McRoberts, S S Berr, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromedin U is regulated by the metastasis suppressor RhoGDI2 and is a novel promoter of tumor formation, lung metastasis and cancer cachexia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.onc.1209835"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209835"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16878152"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16878152"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hee Jun Cho, Kyoung Eun Baek, Sun-Mi Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RhoGDI2 expression is associated with tumor growth and malignant progression of gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2192"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2192"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19351766"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19351766"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hee Jun Cho, In-Kyu Kim, Sun-Mi Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "VEGF-C mediates RhoGDI2-induced gastric cancer cell metastasis and cisplatin resistance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.28801"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28801"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24585459"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24585459"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yonghui Yu, Honglei Jin, Jiheng Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "XIAP overexpression promotes bladder cancer invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo via enhancing nucleolin-mediated Rho-GDIβ mRNA stability."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.31223"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31223"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29250796"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29250796"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maya Groysman, Idit Hornstein, Andres Alcover, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vav1 and Ly-GDI two regulators of Rho GTPases, function cooperatively as signal transducers in T cell antigen receptor-induced pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M204299200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M204299200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12386169"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12386169"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	GDIA2, D4, RHOGDI2, GDID4, RAP1GN1, LY-GDI, LYGDI
Proteins	GDIR2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	397
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ARHGDIB has 9,255 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 128 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ARHGDIB from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ARHGDIB Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ARHGDIB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving ARHGDIB protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ARHGDIB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ARHGDIB gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ARHGDIB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ARHGDIB gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ARHGDIB protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ARHGDIB gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ARHGDIB gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ARHGDIB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ARHGDIB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ARHGDIB gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ARHGDIB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ARHGDIB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ARHGDIB protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ARHGDIB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ARHGDIB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ARHGDIB gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ARHGDIB gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ARHGDIB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ARHGDIB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of ARHGDIB protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ARHGDIB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ARHGDIB gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ARHGDIB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ARHGDIB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ARHGDIB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ARHGDIB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ARHGDIB gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ARHGDIB gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ARHGDIB gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ARHGDIB from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.