ARPC4-TTLL3 Gene

Name	ARPC4-TTLL3 readthrough
Description	This locus represents naturally occurring read-through transcription between the neighboring ARPC4 (actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 4) and TTLL3 (tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 3) genes. The read-through transcript encodes a fusion protein that shares sequence identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n ARPC4-TTLL3 is a novel gene product emerging from rigorous genome‐annotation and integrative proteomic studies. Its identification is rooted in high‐quality, manually curated coding sequence databases (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", which ensure the reliability of its protein‐coding potential. The ARPC4 portion is typically associated with the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, while the TTLL3 component belongs to the tubulin tyrosine ligase‐like family that catalyzes post‐translational modifications of microtubules. Together, this chimeric product is hypothesized to influence both actin and tubulin dynamics, thereby affecting cellular architecture, motility, and possibly senescence processes—factors that are critical in maintaining cartilage integrity. In fact, ARPC4-TTLL3 has been identified as one of several novel osteoarthritis-associated proteins uncovered through meta-analyses of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets in osteoarthritic cartilage (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", which implicates it in the disease’s tissue remodeling and pathologic progression. Furthermore, genetic studies associating rare TTLL3 variants with conditions such as persistent pulmonary hypertension (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "underscore the broader physiological relevance of TTLL3 functions in cytoskeletal regulation and hypoxia-related responses. Complementary proteomic profiling in lung adenocarcinoma subtypes also highlights the importance of comprehensive protein expression analyses in disease contexts (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings suggest that ARPC4-TTLL3 may play a significant role in modulating cytoskeletal and cellular processes that underpin both normal tissue homeostasis and pathological remodeling, particularly in osteoarthritis.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rachel A Harte, Catherine M Farrell, Jane E Loveland, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tracking and coordinating an international curation effort for the CCDS Project."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Database (Oxford) (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/database/bas008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bas008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22434842"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22434842"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emily Shorter, Roberto Avelar, Margarita Zachariou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identifying Novel Osteoarthritis-Associated Genes in Human Cartilage Using a Systematic Meta-Analysis and a Multi-Source Integrated Network."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms23084395"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084395"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35457215"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35457215"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mingbang Wang, Deyi Zhuang, Mei Mei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frequent mutation of hypoxia-related genes in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Respir Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12931-020-1314-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-1314-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32054482"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32054482"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yasufumi Kato, Haruhiko Nakamura, Hiromasa Tojo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A proteomic profiling of laser-microdissected lung adenocarcinoma cells of early lepidic-types."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Transl Med (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s40169-015-0064-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-015-0064-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26162278"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162278"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ARPC4
NCBI Gene ID	100526693
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ARPC4-TTLL3 has 3,050 functional associations with biological entities spanning 7 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 52 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ARPC4-TTLL3 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ARPC4-TTLL3 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ARPC4-TTLL3 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ARPC4-TTLL3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ARPC4-TTLL3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ARPC4-TTLL3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ARPC4-TTLL3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ARPC4-TTLL3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ARPC4-TTLL3 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations	transcription factor perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections	virus perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
	GO Biological Process Annotations 2025	biological processes involving ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
	GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025	cellular components containing ARPC4-TTLL3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
	HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025	transcription factors regulating expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025	transcription factors regulating expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset.
	JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors regulating expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	KEGG Pathways 2026	pathways involving ARPC4-TTLL3 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.
	Kinase Library Serine Threonine Kinome Atlas	kinases that phosphorylate ARPC4-TTLL3 protein from the Kinase Library Serine Threonine Atlas dataset.
	Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ARPC4-TTLL3 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations	transcription factor perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
	NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles	drug perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset.
	ProteomicsDB Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the ProteomicsDB Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
	Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures	gene perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
	Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures	gene perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
	Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures	gene perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
	Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset.
	Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026	transcription factors regulating expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset.
	RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures	drug perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
	RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures	gene perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
	Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures	drug perturbations changing expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene from the Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
	Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations	cell types with high or low expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset.
	TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets	microRNAs regulating expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset.
	TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets	microRNAs regulating expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
	TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025	tissues with high expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025	tissues with high expression of ARPC4-TTLL3 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025	tissues co-occuring with ARPC4-TTLL3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.