| HGNC Family | Sulfatases (ARS) |
| Name | arylsulfatase family, member H |
| Description | Sulfatases, such as ARSH, hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. They are involved in hormone biosynthesis, modulation of cell signaling, and degradation of macromolecules (Sardiello et al., 2005 [PubMed 16174644]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <title>Summary of ARSH Function</title>\n </head>\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The ARSH protein—commonly encoded as "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "arsH"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " within arsenic resistance operons—is a widely distributed NAD(P)H‐dependent FMN reductase that plays a role in microbial responses to arsenic exposure. Structural studies have revealed that ArsH adopts an α/β/α‑fold typical of FMN‐binding proteins and assembles into a tetramer, which appears to be its biologically active form."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Biochemical assays demonstrate that ArsH exhibits strong NADPH‐dependent FMN reductase activity, with some activity toward substrates like azo compounds, although under many experimental conditions its primary function appears linked to arsenic transformation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In several bacterial systems, ArsH is proposed to contribute to arsenic detoxification by catalyzing the oxidation of the highly toxic trivalent methylated arsenic species [methylarsenite, MAs(III)] into its less toxic pentavalent form [methylarsenate, MAs(V)]"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " This transformation is thought to be crucial in mitigating the toxicity of arsenic metabolites in environments with elevated arsenic levels. In some microbial models, however, inactivation of arsH produces little or no evident phenotype—for example, in a cyanobacterial system—suggesting that its role may be partially redundant or highly dependent on environmental conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, mutational analyses and biochemical characterizations have identified key residues likely involved in substrate binding and activation, underscoring the specialized function of ArsH within the broader network of arsenic resistance genes. Its frequent co-occurrence with other ars genes, along with its detection in organisms isolated from arsenic‐rich environments, emphasizes its ecological importance in the microbial arsenic biogeocycle, where the oxidation of toxic arsenic species not only contributes to cellular detoxification but may also influence arsenic speciation and mobility in contaminated environments"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, broader phylogenetic analyses suggest that the widespread distribution of arsH is part of an evolutionary strategy enabling diverse microorganisms to adapt to arsenic exposure."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, ARSH is an oxidoreductase enzyme that appears to function primarily in the detoxification of arsenic by mediating the oxidation of toxic methylated arsenicals, thereby reducing cellular stress and contributing to environmental arsenic cycling.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ivan I Vorontsov, George Minasov, Joseph S Brunzelle, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crystal structure of an apo form of Shigella flexneri ArsH protein with an NADPH-dependent FMN reductase activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein Sci (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1110/ps.073029607"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1110/ps.073029607"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17962405"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17962405"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jin-Soo Chang, In-Ho Yoon, Kyoung-Woong Kim "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arsenic biotransformation potential of microbial arsH responses in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic-contaminated groundwater."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chemosphere (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.044"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.044"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29080535"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29080535"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hung-Chi Yang, Barry P Rosen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "New mechanisms of bacterial arsenic resistance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomed J (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bj.2015.08.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2015.08.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27105594"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27105594"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian Chen, Masafumi Yoshinaga, Barry P Rosen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The antibiotic action of methylarsenite is an emergent property of microbial communities."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Microbiol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/mmi.14169"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14169"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30520200"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30520200"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luis López-Maury, Francisco J Florencio, José C Reyes "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arsenic sensing and resistance system in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bacteriol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JB.185.18.5363-5371.2003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.18.5363-5371.2003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12949088"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12949088"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nar Singh Chauhan, Sonam Nain, Rakesh Sharma "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Arsenic Resistance Genes from Marine Sediment Metagenome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Indian J Microbiol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12088-017-0658-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-017-0658-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28904414"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28904414"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qun Rong, Caiyuan Ling, Dingtian Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sb(III) resistance mechanism and oxidation characteristics of Klebsiella aerogenes X."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chemosphere (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133453"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133453"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34971630"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34971630"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jiaojiao Li, Shashank S Pawitwar, Barry P Rosen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The organoarsenical biocycle and the primordial antibiotic methylarsenite."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Metallomics (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1039/c6mt00168h"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c6mt00168h"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27730229"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27730229"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | SULFATASE |
| Proteins | ARSH_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 347527 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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ARSH has 1,504 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 48 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for ARSH from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of ARSH gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing ARSH protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing ARSH protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with ARSH protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with ARSH protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of ARSH gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with ARSH gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by ARSH gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with ARSH gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with ARSH gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with ARSH gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with ARSH gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ARSH gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ARSH gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of ARSH gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of ARSH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving ARSH gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing ARSH protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing ARSH protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing ARSH protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by ARSH gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by ARSH gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by ARSH gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of ARSH gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for ARSH protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for ARSH protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of ARSH gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of ARSH gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of ARSH gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of ARSH gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for ARSH from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving ARSH protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving ARSH protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of ARSH gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ARSH gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of ARSH gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of ARSH gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of ARSH gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of ARSH protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with ARSH protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with ARSH protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
