{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The ATAD1 gene encodes a highly conserved AAA+ ATPase—commonly known as Thorase—that plays dual roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. On one hand, the ATAD1 protein localizes primarily to the outer membranes of mitochondria and peroxisomes, where it facilitates protein quality control by recognizing and extracting mislocalized tail‐anchored (TA) proteins. This extraction promotes their subsequent degradation, thereby preserving mitochondrial integrity and ensuring correct membrane protein targeting (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, ATAD1/Thorase is implicated in neuronal regulation by disassembling postsynaptic protein complexes that govern the internalization of AMPA receptors, a process critical for synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n On the other hand, a circular RNA product derived from the ATAD1 locus—termed circ‑ATAD1—has emerged as an oncogenic regulator in several cancer types. Studies have demonstrated that circ‑ATAD1 is differentially expressed in malignancies such as cervical squamous cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, endometrial cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. In these contexts, circ‑ATAD1 functions by suppressing the maturation of key microRNAs (for example, miR‑218, miR‑154‑5p, miR‑10a, miR‑34b, and miR‑140‑3p), thereby altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, the multifaceted contributions of ATAD1 encompass critical functions in mitochondrial and peroxisomal protein quality control as well as in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, while circ‑ATAD1 plays a significant role in oncogenic signaling. Together, these findings highlight the potential of ATAD1 as a therapeutic target in disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and in various cancers.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu-Chan Chen, George K E Umanah, Noah Dephoure, et al. 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