ATG10 Gene

Name	autophagy related 10
Description	Autophagy is a process for the bulk degradation of cytosolic compartments by lysosomes. ATG10 is an E2-like enzyme involved in 2 ubiquitin-like modifications essential for autophagosome formation: ATG12 (MIM 609608)-ATG5 (MIM 604261) conjugation and modification of a soluble form of MAP-LC3 (MAP1LC3A; MIM 601242), a homolog of yeast Apg8, to a membrane-bound form (Nemoto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12890687]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Autophagy relies on a core conjugation system in which the ubiquitin‐like protein ATG12 is covalently linked to its partner ATG5—a reaction that is mediated by the E2‐like enzyme ATG10. ATG10 therefore plays an essential role in autophagosome formation by catalyzing the ATG12–ATG5 conjugation step that precedes the lipidation of ATG8 family proteins, a process required for membrane elongation and closure."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its canonical role in autophagy, ATG10 has been implicated in diverse biological contexts. For instance, ATG10 is required for the induction of autophagy triggered by inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP<sub>3</sub>R) blockade, thereby ensuring proper degradation of both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial components under stress conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, evidence from studies on virus–host interactions shows that hepatitis B virus exploits the early autophagy machinery—in particular, the ATG12 conjugation system, of which ATG10 is a critical component—as an assembly scaffold supporting viral core/nucleocapsid formation independent of downstream LC3 lipidation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of cellular stress, ATG10 expression is also regulated in response to oxidative challenges. In retinal pigment epithelium cells, for example, depletion of the cargo adaptor p62 leads to downregulation of ATG10, reducing autophagic capacity and increasing susceptibility to oxidative damage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, modulation of ATG10 expression has clinical significance in cancer. In squamous cell carcinoma, cisplatin‐induced activation of p‑ΔNp63α results in transcriptional regulation of several autophagy‐related genes including ATG10, implicating it in chemotherapeutic responses"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in colorectal cancer, elevated ATG10 levels have been tightly correlated with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poorer patient survival, suggesting that aberrant ATG10 expression may promote aggressive tumor behavior."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, ATG10 functions as an indispensable mediator of the ATG12–ATG5 conjugation system required for autophagosome biogenesis. Its activity is crucial not only for maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions but also for modulating processes that impact viral replication and cancer progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takahiro Nemoto, Isei Tanida, Emiko Tanida-Miyake, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The mouse APG10 homologue, an E2-like enzyme for Apg12p conjugation, facilitates MAP-LC3 modification."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.m300550200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m300550200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12890687"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12890687"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tatjana Döring, Lisa Zeyen, Christina Bartusch, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatitis B Virus Subverts the Autophagy Elongation Complex Atg5-12/16L1 and Does Not Require Atg8/LC3 Lipidation for Viral Maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.01513-17"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01513-17"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29367244"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29367244"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Criollo, M C Maiuri, E Tasdemir, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of autophagy by the inositol trisphosphate receptor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.cdd.4402099"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4402099"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17256008"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17256008"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunjuan Song, Sayak K Mitter, Xiaoping Qi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oxidative stress-mediated NFκB phosphorylation upregulates p62/SQSTM1 and promotes retinal pigmented epithelial cell survival through increased autophagy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0171940"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171940"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28222108"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28222108"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiping Huang, Rafael Guerrero-Preston, Edward A Ratovitski "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phospho-ΔNp63α-dependent regulation of autophagic signaling through transcription and micro-RNA modulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Cycle (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/cc.11.6.19670"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.11.6.19670"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22356768"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22356768"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoon Kyung Jo, Seung Cheol Kim, In Ja Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased expression of ATG10 in colorectal cancer is associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0052705"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052705"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23285162"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23285162"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isabel Pombo Grégoire, Clémence Richetta, Laurène Meyniel-Schicklin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IRGM is a common target of RNA viruses that subvert the autophagy network."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1002422"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002422"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22174682"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22174682"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	APG10, APG10L, PP12616
Proteins	ATG10_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	83734
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ATG10 has 7,394 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 110 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ATG10 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ATG10 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ATG10 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ATG10 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ATG10 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ATG10 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ATG10 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ATG10 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ATG10 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ATG10 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ATG10 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ATG10 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ATG10 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ATG10 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ATG10 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ATG10 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with ATG10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of ATG10 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ATG10 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ATG10 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ATG10 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ATG10 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ATG10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ATG10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ATG10 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ATG10 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ATG10 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ATG10 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ATG10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ATG10 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with ATG10 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ATG10 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.