BMF Gene

Name	Bcl2 modifying factor
Description	The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein contains a single BCL2 homology domain 3 (BH3), and has been shown to bind BCL2 proteins and function as an apoptotic activator. This protein is found to be sequestered to myosin V motors by its association with dynein light chain 2, which may be important for sensing intracellular damage and triggering apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <title>Bmf Function – Cohesive Abstract Summary</title>\n </head>\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Bcl‑2–modifying factor (Bmf) is a pro‑apoptotic BH3‑only protein that functions as a critical mediator of programmed cell death in response to diverse cellular stresses. Under conditions such as cytokine withdrawal or loss of extracellular matrix attachment, Bmf is induced to promote apoptosis—including anoikis—in several cell types."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, Bmf participates in TGF‑β–induced cell death, where its upregulation, together with other BH3‑only proteins, triggers mitochondrial apoptotic pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cancer cells, downregulation of Bmf is associated with increased cell survival and enhanced tumor progression. For example, in hepatocellular carcinoma and glioma, oncogenic microRNAs such as miR‑221 and miR‑125b suppress Bmf expression, thereby reducing apoptosis and promoting an aggressive phenotype."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, mutant forms of p53 have been shown to diminish Bmf expression, contributing to resistance to detachment‐induced apoptosis in melanoma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while activation of chemokine receptors (CXCR4 and CCR7) selectively downregulates Bmf to enhance cell survival during anoikis, thereby facilitating metastasis in breast cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies underscore the role of Bmf as an essential integrator of apoptotic signals. Its regulated expression helps determine the balance between cell survival and death, and its modulation is emerging as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in various cancers.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andreas Villunger, Clare Scott, Philippe Bouillet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Essential role for the BH3-only protein Bim but redundant roles for Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-w in the control of granulocyte survival."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2002-07-2132"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-07-2132"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12433687"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12433687"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A R Ramjaun, S Tomlinson, A Eddaoudi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of two BH3-only proteins, Bmf and Bim, during TGF beta-induced apoptosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.onc.1209852"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209852"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16909112"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16909112"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laura Gramantieri, Francesca Fornari, Manuela Ferracin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-221 targets Bmf in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlates with tumor multifocality."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0092"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0092"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19671867"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19671867"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hong-Fei Xia, Tian-Zhu He, Chun-Mei Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-125b expression affects the proliferation and apoptosis of human glioma cells by targeting Bmf."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Physiol Biochem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000218181"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000218181"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19471102"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19471102"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B S Tan, K H Tiong, H L Choo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutant p53-R273H mediates cancer cell survival and anoikis resistance through AKT-dependent suppression of BCL2-modifying factor (BMF)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cddis.2015.191"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2015.191"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26181206"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26181206"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Kochetkova, S Kumar, S R McColl "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 promote metastasis by preventing anoikis in cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cdd.2008.190"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.190"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19136936"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19136936"}]}]}]}
Proteins	BMF_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	90427
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

BMF has 6,686 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 108 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for BMF from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

BMF Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BMF gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BMF gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with BMF gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with BMF gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BMF gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BMF gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of BMF gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing BMF protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing BMF protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing BMF protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing BMF protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with BMF protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with BMF protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with BMF gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with BMF gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMF gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by BMF gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with BMF gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with BMF gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with BMF gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMF gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with BMF gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at BMF gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BMF gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BMF gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing BMF from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMF gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMF gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with BMF gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing BMF from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of BMF gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of BMF gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations	kinase perturbations changing expression of BMF gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.