{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n BMI1, a member of the Polycomb group of transcriptional repressors, plays a central role in regulating the self‐renewal and proliferative capacity of both normal and cancer stem cells. In normal tissues, BMI1 is essential for maintaining long‐term stem cell function by repressing key cell cycle inhibitors such as p16^INK4a and p19^Arf, thereby preventing premature senescence and ensuring sustained regenerative potential in hematopoietic, neural, intestinal, and cerebellar compartments."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, BMI1 functions within interconnected epigenetic networks, cooperating with other Polycomb complexes to mediate chromatin modifications that enforce stable gene silencing during development and adult tissue homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of cancer, aberrant BMI1 expression underlies the maintenance and expansion of tumor‐initiating (cancer stem) cells by promoting self‐renewal, resistance to differentiation, and survival. Overexpression of BMI1 contributes to tumorigenesis by sustaining a stem cell–like gene expression program, fostering epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhancing invasive and metastatic properties in diverse malignancies, including those of the prostate, intestine, and nasopharynx."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings establish BMI1 as a molecular lynchpin that not only governs normal stem cell self‐renewal but also drives oncogenic transformation and progression, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In-kyung Park, Dalong Qian, Mark Kiel, et al. 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