BMP2 Gene

HGNC Family	Endogenous ligands, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)
Name	bone morphogenetic protein 2
Description	This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer, which plays a role in bone and cartilage development. Duplication of a regulatory region downstream of this gene causes a form of brachydactyly characterized by a malformed index finger and second toe in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) is a key osteoinductive cytokine that plays multifaceted roles in development and tissue regeneration. It promotes osteoblast differentiation by activating canonical Smad signaling together with noncanonical pathways—including p38, JNK, and PI3K/Akt cascades—that together induce osteoblast‐specific transcription factors such as Runx2 and Dlx5 and upregulate markers like alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, BMP2 stimulates an autocrine/paracrine Wnt signaling loop that further enhances osteoblast maturation and matrix mineralization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In myogenic precursors, BMP2 drives the transdifferentiation of premyoblastic cells into osteoblasts by rapidly inducing Dlx5, which is essential for activating Runx2 expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, BMP2 couples osteogenesis with angiogenesis by stimulating the production of VEGF‐A, thereby promoting vascular ingrowth concurrent with bone formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond the skeletal compartment, BMP2 exhibits context‐dependent actions: its periodic expression in the dermal microenvironment helps orchestrate hair follicle cycling by delineating regenerative versus refractory phases"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and BMP2 produced by macrophages contributes to the osteoinductive milieu required for bone wound healing."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " BMP2 can also regulate hepcidin transcription in hepatocytes—although less potently than BMP4 or BMP9—highlighting its broader role in systemic iron homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Importantly, the biological effects of BMP2 are highly dose‐dependent; while optimal concentrations effectively promote bone repair, supraphysiologic levels may provoke adverse outcomes such as cyst‐like bone formation and soft tissue inflammation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Together, these findings underscore the diverse and critical roles of BMP2 in skeletal tissue formation, wound healing, and systemic regulation, making it a promising target for regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Georges Rawadi, Béatrice Vayssière, Fred Dunn, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMP-2 controls alkaline phosphatase expression and osteoblast mineralization by a Wnt autocrine loop."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Miner Res (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1842"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1842"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14584895"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584895"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anja Nohe, Sylke Hassel, Marcelo Ehrlich, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The mode of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor oligomerization determines different BMP-2 signaling pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M102750200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M102750200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11714695"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714695"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhaoyong Li, Mohammad Q Hassan, Stefano Volinia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A microRNA signature for a BMP2-induced osteoblast lineage commitment program."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0804438105"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804438105"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18784367"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18784367"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Guicheux, J Lemonnier, C Ghayor, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase by BMP-2 and their implication in the stimulation of osteoblastic cell differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Miner Res (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.11.2060"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.11.2060"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14606520"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14606520"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury, Sherry L Abboud, Riko Nishimura, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Requirement of BMP-2-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt serine/threonine kinase in osteoblast differentiation and Smad-dependent BMP-2 gene transcription."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M205053200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M205053200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12084724"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12084724"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mattabhorn Phimphilai, Zhouran Zhao, Heidi Boules, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMP signaling is required for RUNX2-dependent induction of the osteoblast phenotype."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Miner Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1359/jbmr.060109"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.060109"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16598384"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16598384"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mi-Hye Lee, Youn-Jeong Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMP-2-induced Runx2 expression is mediated by Dlx5, and TGF-beta 1 opposes the BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation by suppression of Dlx5 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M211386200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M211386200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12815054"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12815054"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martine M L Deckers, Rutger L van Bezooijen, Geertje van der Horst, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bone morphogenetic proteins stimulate angiogenesis through osteoblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor A."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrinology (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/endo.143.4.8719"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.143.4.8719"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11897714"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11897714"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maksim V Plikus, Julie Ann Mayer, Damon de la Cruz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cyclic dermal BMP signalling regulates stem cell activation during hair regeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature06457"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06457"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18202659"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18202659"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C M Champagne, J Takebe, S Offenbacher, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Macrophage cell lines produce osteoinductive signals that include bone morphogenetic protein-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bone (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00638-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(01"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00638-x) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11792561"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11792561"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jaroslav Truksa, Hongfan Peng, Pauline Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 9 stimulate murine hepcidin 1 expression independently of Hfe, transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2), and IL-6."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0603124103"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603124103"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16801541"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16801541"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Janette N Zara, Ronald K Siu, Xinli Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "High doses of bone morphogenetic protein 2 induce structurally abnormal bone and inflammation in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tissue Eng Part A (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1089/ten.TEA.2010.0555"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEA.2010.0555"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21247344"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21247344"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	SSFSC, BDA2, BMP2A
Proteins	BMP2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	650
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

BMP2 has 15,054 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 117 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for BMP2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

BMP2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by BMP2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving BMP2 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BMP2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with BMP2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BMP2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BMP2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of BMP2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of BMP2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing BMP2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing BMP2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with BMP2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with BMP2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing BMP2 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BMP2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with BMP2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with BMP2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMP2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by BMP2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with BMP2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with BMP2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with BMP2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with BMP2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMP2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with BMP2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at BMP2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BMP2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BMP2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing BMP2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMP2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BMP2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BMP2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.