CAPN10 Gene

Name	calpain 10
Description	Calpains represent a ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases. The calpain proteins are heterodimers consisting of an invariant small subunit and variable large subunits. The large catalytic subunit has four domains: domain I, the N-terminal regulatory domain that is processed upon calpain activation; domain II, the protease domain; domain III, a linker domain of unknown function; and domain IV, the calmodulin-like calcium-binding domain. This gene encodes a large subunit. It is an atypical calpain in that it lacks the calmodulin-like calcium-binding domain and instead has a divergent C-terminal domain. It is similar in organization to calpains 5 and 6. This gene is associated with type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and is located within the NIDDM1 region. Multiple alternative transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Calpain‐10 (CAPN10) is an intracellular, Ca²⁺‐dependent cysteine protease that has emerged as a key regulator of pancreatic β‐cell function. Functional studies indicate that CAPN10 directly interacts with components of the exocytotic machinery—for example, binding to proteins of the SNARE complex such as SNAP‐25—and mediates a Ca²⁺‐dependent partial proteolysis that is required to trigger insulin granule fusion and release in β‐cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, altered CAPN10 expression and function have been associated not only with defective insulin secretion but also with disturbances in free fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance, thereby contributing to susceptibility for type 2 diabetes. Indeed, several genetic studies have linked CAPN10 variants to metabolic aberrations—such as increased fasting insulin levels and impaired early-phase insulin release—that are thought to arise from compromised β‐cell exocytosis as well as β‐cell survival under stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings support a model in which CAPN10 functions as a Ca²⁺ sensor that not only facilitates the dynamic reorganization of the exocytotic apparatus in response to intracellular calcium signals but also influences β‐cell viability; consequently, genetic variation impinging upon CAPN10 expression or activity may disrupt insulin secretion and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Catriona Marshall, Graham A Hitman, Christopher J Partridge, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evidence that an isoform of calpain-10 is a regulator of exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Endocrinol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/me.2004-0064"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0064"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15471947"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15471947"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "James D Johnson, Zhiqiang Han, Kenichi Otani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RyR2 and calpain-10 delineate a novel apoptosis pathway in pancreatic islets."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M401216200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401216200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15044459"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15044459"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marju Orho-Melander, Mia Klannemark, Malin K Svensson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variants in the calpain-10 gene predispose to insulin resistance and elevated free fatty acid levels."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/diabetes.51.8.2658"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.8.2658"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12145185"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145185"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Stumvoll, A Fritsche, A Madaus, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional significance of the UCSNP-43 polymorphism in the CAPN10 gene for proinsulin processing and insulin secretion in nondiabetic Germans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2161"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2161"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11522685"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11522685"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mark D Turner, Paul G Cassell, Graham A Hitman "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Calpain-10: from genome search to function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/dmrr.578"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.578"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16028216"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16028216"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	CANP10, NIDDM1
Proteins	CAN10_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	11132
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CAPN10 has 6,209 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 118 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CAPN10 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CAPN10 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CAPN10 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CAPN10 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CAPN10 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CAPN10 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CAPN10 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CAPN10 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of CAPN10 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CAPN10 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CAPN10 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CAPN10 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CAPN10 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CAPN10 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CAPN10 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CAPN10 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CAPN10 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CAPN10 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CAPN10 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for CAPN10 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving CAPN10 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving CAPN10 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with CAPN10 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CAPN10 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CAPN10 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CAPN10 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CAPN10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CAPN10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CAPN10 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CAPN10 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CAPN10 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CAPN10 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CAPN10 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.