CCIN Gene

HGNC Family BTB (POZ) domain containing (BTBD)
Name calicin
Description The protein encoded by this gene is a basic protein of the sperm head cytoskeleton. This protein contains kelch repeats and a BTB/POZ domain and is necessary for normal morphology during sperm differentiation. This gene is intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Cyclicin (CCIN), also known as cylicin, is a basic, sperm‐specific cytoskeletal protein that forms a major component of the perinuclear theca, particularly within the postacrosomal “calyx” of the sperm head. Its structure is characterized by repetitive charged motifs (for example, multiple Lys–Lys–Asp repeats) that are predicted to adopt α‐helical conformations, thereby contributing to the architectural stability and precise shaping of the sperm head during spermiogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its structural role, genetic studies have implicated CCIN as a candidate gene in cases of globozoospermia—a severe morphological abnormality characterized by round-headed sperm lacking a normal acrosome—suggesting that defects or mutations in the CCIN gene can compromise the formation of the perinuclear cytoskeletal matrix and, thereby, impair sperm function and fertilization capability."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, proteomic analyses indicate that CCIN is subject to oxidative modifications under conditions of redox stress, linking it to the regulation of actin dynamics and suggesting a role in redox‐mediated cytoskeletal remodeling during critical events such as the acrosome reaction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, CCIN functions as an essential structural protein that stabilizes the sperm head’s morphology by contributing to the integrity of the perinuclear theca. Its proper expression and post‐translational regulation are critical for normal spermiogenesis, whereas its dysregulation or mutation is associated with sperm malformations and male infertility.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hans Heid, Ulrike Figge, Stefanie Winter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel actin-related proteins Arp-T1 and Arp-T2 as components of the cytoskeletal calyx of the mammalian sperm head."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/excr.2002.5603"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.2002.5603"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12243744"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12243744"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H Hess, H Heid, W W Franke "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular characterization of mammalian cylicin, a basic protein of the sperm head cytoskeleton."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (1993)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.122.5.1043"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.5.1043"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "8354692"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354692"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H Hess, H Heid, R Zimbelmann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The protein complexity of the cytoskeleton of bovine and human sperm heads: the identification and characterization of cylicin II."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (1995)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/excr.1995.1145"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1995.1145"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "7737358"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7737358"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M S Oud, Ö Okutman, L A J Hendricks, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exome sequencing reveals novel causes as well as new candidate genes for human globozoospermia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Reprod (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/humrep/dez246"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez246"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31985809"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31985809"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tristan Celse, Caroline Cazin, Flore Mietton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic analyses of a large cohort of infertile patients with globozoospermia, DPY19L2 still the main actor, GGN confirmed as a guest player."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genet (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00439-020-02229-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-020-02229-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33108537"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33108537"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fakhereh Ghazavi, Maryam Peymani, Motahare-Sadat Hashemi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Embryos derived from couples with consanguineous marriages with globozoospermia should be screened for gender or DPY19L2 deletion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andrologia (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/and.13221"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13221"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30584989"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30584989"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Agnieszka Mostek-Majewska, Anna Janta, Anna Majewska, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effect of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins Inhibition on Redox Modifications of Bull Sperm Proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms222312888"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312888"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34884692"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34884692"}]}]}]}
Synonyms BTBD20, KBTBD14
Proteins CALI_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 881
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View CCIN's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View CCIN's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View CCIN's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

CCIN has 2,835 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 86 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CCIN from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CCIN gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of CCIN gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 transcription factors binding the promoter of CCIN gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing CCIN protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing CCIN protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components co-occuring with CCIN protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with CCIN protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with CCIN gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions chemicals interacting with CCIN gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with CCIN gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by CCIN gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with CCIN gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with CCIN gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CCIN gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CCIN gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of CCIN gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CCIN from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
GAD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with CCIN gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with CCIN gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CCIN from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases disease perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 biological processes involving CCIN gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 biological processes involving CCIN gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 cellular components containing CCIN protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 cellular components containing CCIN protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 cellular components containing CCIN protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 molecular functions performed by CCIN gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CCIN protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions interacting hub proteins for CCIN from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for CCIN protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of CCIN gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of CCIN gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of CCIN gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of CCIN gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset.
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations cellular components containing CCIN protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain CCIN protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by CCIN gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset.
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets microRNAs targeting CCIN gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of CCIN gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules co-expressed genes for CCIN from the MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules dataset.
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset.
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles drug perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset.
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions interacting proteins for CCIN from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 pathways involving CCIN protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 pathways involving CCIN protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CCIN gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of CCIN gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of CCIN gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of CCIN gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of CCIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of CCIN protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of CCIN protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of CCIN protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of CCIN protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with CCIN protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with CCIN protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.