CCNG2 Gene

HGNC Family	Cyclins (CCN)
Name	cyclin G2
Description	The eukaryotic cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors. The 8 species of cyclins reported in mammals, cyclins A through H, share a conserved amino acid sequence of about 90 residues called the cyclin box. The amino acid sequence of cyclin G is well conserved among mammals. The nucleotide sequence of cyclin G1 and cyclin G2 are 53% identical. Unlike cyclin G1, cyclin G2 contains a C-terminal PEST protein destabilization motif, suggesting that cyclin G2 expression is tightly regulated through the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "<div>\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Cyclin G2 (CCNG2) is an unconventional cyclin that functions as a negative regulator of cell cycle progression. In contrast to classical cyclins that drive proliferation, CCNG2 is highly expressed in quiescent or terminally differentiated cells and induces cell cycle arrest, particularly at the G1/S transition. Its expression is up‐regulated in response to growth inhibitory cues and DNA damage, and ectopic Cyclin G2 expression leads to aberrant nuclear morphology and a block in cell cycle entry."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Transcription factors play a critical role in regulating CCNG2 levels. Activation of FOXO transcription factors, especially FoxO3a, induces Cyclin G2 transcription via binding to forkhead consensus motifs present in its promoter region."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in murine B lymphocytes, FOXO proteins cooperate with δEF1 to synergistically activate CCNG2 expression, thereby reinforcing cell cycle arrest."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In contrast, oncogenic signals can suppress CCNG2 expression. For instance, estrogen receptor α signaling actively represses Cyclin G2 through the recruitment of corepressor complexes, leading to a hypoacetylated chromatin state at the CCNG2 promoter."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, microRNA-mediated downregulation of Cyclin G2, such as by miR-1246, has been linked to enhanced cell viability, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in various cancers, including breast, pancreatic, and colorectal carcinomas."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition, the estrogen receptor–dependent stabilization of SIRT1 in breast cancer cells contributes to the suppression of tumor suppressor genes such as Cyclin G2, further facilitating tumor growth and survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies support a model in which Cyclin G2 acts as a key mediator of growth arrest and differentiation, and its downregulation via hormone signaling or microRNA targeting contributes to oncogenic proliferation and tumor progression.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n</div>"}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David A Bennin, Aruni S Arachchige Don, Tiffany Brake, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cyclin G2 associates with protein phosphatase 2A catalytic and regulatory B' subunits in active complexes and induces nuclear aberrations and a G1/S phase cell cycle arrest."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M111693200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111693200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11956189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11956189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lorena Martínez-Gac, Miriam Marqués, Zaira García, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Control of cyclin G2 mRNA expression by forkhead transcription factors: novel mechanism for cell cycle control by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and forkhead."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.24.5.2181-2189.2004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.24.5.2181-2189.2004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14966295"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14966295"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Chen, Isharat Yusuf, Hilde-Marie Andersen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FOXO transcription factors cooperate with delta EF1 to activate growth suppressive genes in B lymphocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.2711"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.2711"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16493026"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16493026"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fabio Stossi, Varsha S Likhite, John A Katzenellenbogen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Estrogen-occupied estrogen receptor represses cyclin G2 gene expression and recruits a repressor complex at the cyclin G2 promoter."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M513405200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M513405200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16608856"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16608856"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiu Juan Li, Zhao Jun Ren, Jin Hai Tang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exosomal MicroRNA MiR-1246 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Drug Resistance by Targeting CCNG2 in Breast Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Physiol Biochem (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000485780"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000485780"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29216623"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29216623"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sai Wang, Ya Zeng, Ju-Mei Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-1246 promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells involving CCNG2 reduction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/mmr.2015.4557"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4557"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26573378"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26573378"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Selvakumar Elangovan, Sabarish Ramachandran, Narayanan Venkatesan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SIRT1 is essential for oncogenic signaling by estrogen/estrogen receptor α in breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1446"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1446"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21920899"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21920899"}]}]}]}
Proteins	CCNG2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	901
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CCNG2 has 12,628 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 119 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CCNG2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CCNG2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCNG2 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CCNG2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CCNG2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CCNG2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CCNG2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of CCNG2 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCNG2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CCNG2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CCNG2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CCNG2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CCNG2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CCNG2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CCNG2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CCNG2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CCNG2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CCNG2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with CCNG2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CCNG2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CCNG2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CCNG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CCNG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CCNG2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CCNG2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CCNG2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CCNG2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CCNG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CCNG2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CCNG2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.