{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CCR3 is a chemokine receptor that plays multifaceted roles in immune cell migration and inflammatory responses across a spectrum of diseases. Predominantly expressed on eosinophils, basophils, certain T‐helper type 2 cells, and even non–immune cells in specific settings, CCR3 mediates chemotaxis in response to its ligands – notably the eotaxins – thereby directing cell recruitment in allergic and inflammatory conditions. For example, in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis and models of allergic skin and lung inflammation, genetic ablation or functional blockade of CCR3 prevented eosinophil recruitment and abrogated airway hyperresponsiveness (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its classical role in eosinophil recruitment, CCR3 influences other immune and nonimmune cell types. IL‐33–mediated activation of basophils enhances their migration toward eotaxin without altering CCR3 surface levels"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while neutrophils and subsets of T cells in inflammatory environments can upregulate CCR3, thereby contributing to tissue infiltration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of neoplasia and angiogenesis, CCR3 expression by tumor cells facilitates directed migration during prostate cancer progression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its expression on choroidal neovascular endothelial cells is a critical driver of pathological angiogenesis in age‐related macular degeneration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, CCR3 has emerged as a genetic risk locus in celiac disease, linking it to dysregulated immune responses in autoimmunity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, in mucosal tissues, CCR3 not only directs the migration of plasma cells as part of the immune surveillance system but may also operate in concert with other receptors to optimize responses to microbial challenges."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies underscore the central role of CCR3 as a mediator of chemotactic signals that orchestrate immune cell recruitment and contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carine Blanchard, Ning Wang, Keith F Stringer, et al. 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