{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Multiple studies have converged on a role for CD101 as an immunoregulatory molecule that exerts negative‐costimulatory functions on both lymphoid and myeloid cells. In murine models of chronic colitis, CD101 expression on T cells was shown to be sufficient to promote FoxP3 induction and suppress T‐cell proliferation, while expression on myeloid cells was necessary for sustained IL‐10 production; in the absence of CD101, there was an expansion of IL‐17–producing T cells and more severe colitis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of autoimmunity, genetic mapping studies in non‐obese diabetic mice have implicated the CD101 gene (located within the Idd10 locus) as a key determinant of type 1 diabetes risk. Mice expressing protective CD101 alleles show enhanced expression on regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and other myeloid subsets with correspondingly lower diabetes frequency, and knockout or mutation of CD101 is associated with impaired Treg function and increased pancreatic infiltration by CD4+ T cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, comparisons between congenic strains have supported CD101 (and not other candidates such as Fcgr1) as the gene underlying the Idd10 resistance phenotype."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In human studies, allelic variants in the immunoglobulin‐like domain of CD101 have been associated with an increased risk of sexually acquired HIV‐1 infection, implicating altered inflammatory responses as an underlying mechanism"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and mutations that reduce CD101 expression on monocytes, granulocytes, and dendritic cells have been linked to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Further evidence connects certain CD101 immunoglobulin‐like variants with modulation of HIV acquisition risk in the presence of bacterial vaginosis, suggesting that CD101 may influence mucosal inflammation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, CD101 functions as a negative-costimulatory molecule that helps maintain immunological homeostasis through the promotion of regulatory T-cell activity and the limitation of proinflammatory responses. Its allele-dependent expression and function in both experimental models and human studies underscore its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R Schey, H Dornhoff, J L C Baier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CD101 inhibits the expansion of colitogenic T cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mucosal Immunol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/mi.2015.139"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2015.139"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26813346"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26813346"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Javid P Mohammed, Michael E Fusakio, Daniel B Rainbow, et al. 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