CD55 Gene

HGNC Family	CD molecules (CD), Blood group antigens
Name	CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)
Description	This gene encodes a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade. Binding of the encoded protein to complement proteins accelerates their decay, thereby disrupting the cascade and preventing damage to host cells. Antigens present on this protein constitute the Cromer blood group system (CROM). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The predominant transcript variant encodes a membrane-bound protein, but alternatively spliced transcripts may produce soluble proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CD55, also known as decay‐accelerating factor (DAF), is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored complement regulatory protein that plays a crucial role in controlling complement activation on cell surfaces and extracellular vesicles. By accelerating the decay of C3 and C5 convertases, CD55 protects cells and exosomes from unwanted complement‐mediated injury. For example, although CD55 was initially evaluated as a potential receptor for certain adenoviruses, its binding efficiency was lower than that of other complement regulatory proteins, highlighting its specialized role in complement regulation rather than viral entry."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In tumor immunotherapy, notably in multiple myeloma, higher expression of complement‐inhibitory proteins such as CD55 has been associated with resistance to complement‐dependent cytotoxicity induced by anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies, thereby influencing therapeutic outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, CD55 is abundantly expressed on antigen‐presenting cell–derived exosomes where, together with other GPI‐anchored regulators like CD59, it minimizes complement deposition and subsequent vesicle lysis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Genetic studies further emphasize the importance of CD55; mutations that impair its expression due to defects in GPI–anchor biosynthesis have been linked to complement–mediated disorders such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and, more recently, CHAPLE syndrome—a condition characterized by hyperactivation of complement, thrombosis, and protein–losing enteropathy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, reduced CD55 expression has been observed in settings of muscular dystrophy associated with dysferlin deficiency, where diminished complement regulation may exacerbate inflammation and muscle pathology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, CD55 is a key regulator of the complement cascade that safeguards cells and exosome membranes from complement‐mediated damage, modulates responses to therapeutic antibodies, and, when deficient, contributes to the pathogenesis of complement–driven diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Segerman, John P Atkinson, Marko Marttila, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adenovirus type 11 uses CD46 as a cellular receptor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/jvi.77.17.9183-9191.2003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.17.9183-9191.2003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12915534"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12915534"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inger S Nijhof, Tineke Casneuf, Jeroen van Velzen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CD38 expression and complement inhibitors affect response and resistance to daratumumab therapy in myeloma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2016-03-703439"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-03-703439"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27307294"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27307294"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aled Clayton, Claire L Harris, Jacquelyn Court, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antigen-presenting cell exosomes are protected from complement-mediated lysis by expression of CD55 and CD59."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Immunol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/immu.200310028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/immu.200310028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12645951"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12645951"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jennifer J Johnston, Andrea L Gropman, Julie C Sapp, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The phenotype of a germline mutation in PIGA: the gene somatically mutated in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.031"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.031"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22305531"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22305531"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ahmet Ozen, William A Comrie, Rico C Ardy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CD55 Deficiency, Early-Onset Protein-Losing Enteropathy, and Thrombosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Engl J Med (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1056/NEJMoa1615887"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1615887"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28657829"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28657829"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Rashmi Rawat, Edina Veszelovszky, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dysferlin deficiency enhances monocyte phagocytosis: a model for the inflammatory onset of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Pathol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2353/ajpath.2008.070327"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2008.070327"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18276788"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18276788"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	DAF, TC, CHAPLE, CROM
Proteins	DAF_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1604
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CD55 has 23,760 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 127 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CD55 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CD55 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CD55 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CD55 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CD55 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with CD55 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CD55 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CD55 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CD55 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CD55 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CD55 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with CD55 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CD55 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CD55 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CD55 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CD55 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CD55 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CD55 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CD55 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CD55 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CD55 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CD55 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CD55 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CD55 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CD55 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CD55 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CD55 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CD55 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for CD55 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CD55 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CD55 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CD55 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CD55 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.