{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 20 (CEACAM20) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the CEACAM family that plays multifaceted roles in epithelial physiology and immunity. In the intestinal epithelium, CEACAM20 is specifically localized to the microvilli where it becomes tyrosine‐phosphorylated—primarily via c‐Src kinase activation—and subsequently engages spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) to promote nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)–mediated interleukin-8 production. These events contribute to a regulatory system that links the epithelial barrier to immune signaling (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, CEACAM20 expression in intestinal epithelial cells is modulated by host–microbial interactions and inflammatory signals; for instance, its mRNA levels are influenced by Gram-positive bacteria, cytokines, and metabolites such as butyrate, underscoring a role in maintaining gut homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the prostate, CEACAM20 expression is restricted to the luminal regions, where it is co-expressed with other CEACAM members. Functional studies in prostate organoid models have shown that CEACAM20 is critical for proper acinar and tubule formation, with its inhibition resulting in impaired lumen formation and stunted growth of acinar structures."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to these physiological roles, CEACAM20 has been identified as a recurrent target for hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting that alterations in its genomic integrity may contribute to disease pathogenesis in the liver."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies highlight that CEACAM20 is not only essential for directing epithelial cell differentiation and maintaining tissue architecture but also serves as a key modulator of immune responses, with potential implications in tumor development and progression.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoji Murata, Takenori Kotani, Yana Supriatna, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein tyrosine phosphatase SAP-1 protects against colitis through regulation of CEACAM20 in the intestinal epithelium."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1510167112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510167112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26195794"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26195794"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya, Yoji Murata, Takenori Kotani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 20 and Its Functional Role."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kobe J Med Sci (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28659570"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28659570"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yasuaki Kitamura, Yoji Murata, Jung-Ha Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation by gut commensal bacteria of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule expression in the intestinal epithelium."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/gtc.12247"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12247"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25908210"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25908210"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Zhang, Andreas Eisenried, Wolfgang Zimmermann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of CEACAM1 and CEACAM20 in an in vitro model of prostate morphogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0053359"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053359"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23358633"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23358633"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengge Li, Min Du, Hui Cong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of hepatitis B virus DNA integration patterns in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatol Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/hepr.13580"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.13580"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33037855"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33037855"}]}]}]}