CHRM2 Gene

HGNC Family	Cholinergic receptors, G protein-coupled receptors
Name	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2
Description	The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 is involved in mediation of bradycardia and a decrease in cardiac contractility. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) is a key G protein–coupled receptor that modulates cholinergic neurotransmission in brain regions involved in memory, attention, and higher cognitive processing. Multiple independent studies have shown that genetic variation in CHRM2 is associated with alterations in neurophysiological markers—such as event‐related oscillations in the theta and delta frequency ranges—and with variability in cognitive performance and predisposition to neuropsychiatric phenotypes including alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and externalizing behaviors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition, evidence from neuroimaging studies indicates that CHRM2 genetic variants influence in vivo M2 receptor binding in regions such as the pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortices, with these differences being linked to the severity and course of mood disorders in affected individuals"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " However, while some investigations have provided support for a role of CHRM2 variation in depression, larger case‐control studies have produced negative findings, suggesting that its impact may be context dependent or influenced by interactions with other genetic or environmental factors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings underscore a multifaceted role for CHRM2 in regulating cholinergic modulation of cortical excitability and cognitive processes, and they support a model in which variations in CHRM2 contribute to individual differences in neurophysiology and vulnerability to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xingguang Luo, Henry R Kranzler, Lingjun Zuo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CHRM2 gene predisposes to alcohol dependence, drug dependence and affective disorders: results from an extended case-control structured association study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddi244"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi244"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16000316"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16000316"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kevin A Jones, Bernice Porjesz, Laura Almasy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Linkage and linkage disequilibrium of evoked EEG oscillations with CHRM2 receptor gene polymorphisms: implications for human brain dynamics and cognition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Psychophysiol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.02.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.02.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15210286"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15210286"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kevin A Jones, Bernice Porjesz, Laura Almasy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A cholinergic receptor gene (CHRM2) affects event-related oscillations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Behav Genet (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10519-006-9075-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-006-9075-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16823639"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16823639"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Danielle M Dick, Fazil Aliev, Jen C Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Using dimensional models of externalizing psychopathology to aid in gene identification."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Gen Psychiatry (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1001/archpsyc.65.3.310"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.3.310"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18316677"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18316677"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Danielle M Dick, Arpana Agrawal, Jen C Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence: genetic and phenotypic associations suggest a more severe form of the disorder with stronger genetic contribution to risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Addiction (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01871.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01871.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17567401"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17567401"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D M Cannon, J K Klaver, S K Gandhi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic variation in cholinergic muscarinic-2 receptor gene modulates M2 receptor binding in vivo and accounts for reduced binding in bipolar disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Psychiatry (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/mp.2010.24"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.24"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20351719"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351719"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sarah Cohen-Woods, Daria Gaysina, Nick Craddock, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Depression Case Control (DeCC) Study fails to support involvement of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene in recurrent major depressive disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddp051"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp051"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19181679"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19181679"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	HM2
Proteins	ACM2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1129
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CHRM2 has 5,124 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 116 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CHRM2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CHRM2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CHRM2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CHRM2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CHRM2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CHRM2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CHRM2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CHRM2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CHRM2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CHRM2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CHRM2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CHRM2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CHRM2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHRM2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with CHRM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CHRM2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving CHRM2 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CHRM2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CHRM2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CHRM2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHRM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CHRM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for CHRM2 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CHRM2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CHRM2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CHRM2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CHRM2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHRM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHRM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CHRM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with CHRM2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.